2.5 chem reaction schemes memorising

List all addition reactions

Alkene —> Alkane

Alkene —> Haloalkane

Alkene —> Alcohol

Alkene —> polymer

Alkene —> dihaloalkane

List all substitution reactions

Alkane —> Haloalkane

Haloalkane —> amine

Haloalkane —> Alcohol

Alcohol —> Haloalkane

List all elimination reactions

Haloalkane —> Alkene

Alcohol —> Alkene

List oxidation reactions

Alkene —> diol

1 degree alcohol —> carboxylic acid

Amine + water ⇌ alkylammonium ion + OH^- what reaction is this? and what does it look like? and how to name?

Acid-base.

‘prefix’ +yl (connected to NH₃) ammonium ‘prefix’ (connected to the carboxylic) + ate

alkene —> dihaloalkane

X₂, decolourises

alkene —> haloalkane

HX, markovnikov for asymmetrical alkene

alkene —> alkane

H₂ + catalyst Ni or Pt + heat

alkene —> alcohol

H₂O/H⁺ + heat, markovnikov asymmetrical alkene

alkane —> haloalkane + HX

X₂ + UV light, decolourises slowly

haloalkane —> amine + HX (in case)

NH₃ alc + heat

haloalkane —> alcohol

KOH aq + heat

alcohol —> haloalkane

PCl₃, PCl₅ SOCl₂, or HX

haloalkane —> alkene + water + KX

KOH alc + heat, saytzeff’s rule for asymmetrical haloalkane / 2 degree

alcohol —> alkene

conc H₂SO₄ + heat, saytzeff’s rule for asymmetrical alcohol / 2 degree

Alkene —> diol

Cold dilute Cr₂O₇^2-/H⁺ or MnO₄^-/H⁺, reduces colour

1 degree alcohol —> carboxylic

Cr₂O₇^2-/H⁺ or MnO₄^-/H⁺ + reflux, colour reduce

Cr₂O₇^2-/H⁺ or MnO₄^-/H⁺ colour reduction

Cr₂O₇^2- : orange to green

MnO₄^- : purple to colourless

carboxylic acid + water ⇌ carboxylate ion + H₃O⁺ naming + drawing

‘prefix’ + noate ion

carboxylic acid + metal carbonate —> salt + CO₂ + H₂O naming + drawing

‘metal’ ‘prefix’ + noate

carboxylic acid + metal —> salt + H₂ naming + drawing

‘metal’ ‘prefix’ + noate

carboxylic acid + base —> salt + H₂O naming + drawing

‘main base’ ‘prefix’ + noate