photosynthesis n stuff for my boyf

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What are the products of photosynthesis that are used by aerobic respiration?

Oxygen and Glucose

What are the products of cellular respiration that are used by photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide and water

Where does photosynthesis in plants take place?

Chloroplasts

State how the following relate to photosynthesis:

Carbon dioxide 
Water
Light 
Glucose
Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide - photosynthesis makes organic food, carbon dioxide is the source of carbon.

Water - is an electron donor, it donates electrons to photosystem II.

Light - is the source of energy.

Glucose - is a product of photosynthesis that the plant can use as food.

Oxygen - is a wasted product of photosynthesis, but is important for life because it is required for aerobic respiration.

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

1. Light reactions -the photo part
2. Calvin cycle - the synthesis part

What stage of photosynthesis captures light energy?

Light reactions

What stage of photosynthesis produces ATP and NADPH?

Light reactions

What stage of photosynthesis produces oxygen?

Light reactions

What stage of photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide?

Calvin cycle

What stage of photosynthesis uses ATP and NADPH?

Calvin cycle

What stage of photosynthesis produces the triose glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?

Calvin cycle

In what area of the chloroplasts do the light reactions take place?

The thylakoid membrane

In what area of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?

The stroma.

What type of light provides the energy for photosynthesis?

Visible light

What molecules capture light energy in photosynthesis?

Pigments. The main one in plants is chlorophyll.

Chlorophyll and other pigments are found in what complexes in the chloroplast?

Photosystems

What wavelengths of light are absorbed by chlorophyll?

Red and blue.

What color do you see when looking at a pigment?

The color it reflects.

What are the two functional parts of a photosystem?

1. The antenna complex
2. The reaction center

What is the function of an antenna complex in a photosystem?

It captures light energy and funnels it to the reaction center.

What is the function of the reaction enter?

After receiving energy from the antenna complex, it produces a high energy electron that will be used by the plant.

What is the function of ATP synthase?

It produces the ATP required for photosynthesis.

What does NADP+ reductase do?

It reduces NADP+ to NADPH.

What is the function of photosystem II?

It captures light energy and produces a high energy electron that it gives up to electron transport chain 1. It also splits water to replace electrons, this process produces oxygen.

What is the function of photosystem I?

It absorbs light energy and produces a high energy electron that is passes to electron transport chain 2.

What is the role of the cytochrome-b6f-complex?

It pumps H+ into the thylakoid lumen to create a H+ electrochemical gradient.

During the light reactions what produces oxygen?

Photosystem II

Is the following the correct path of electron flow during the light reactions (during noncyclic electron flow):

Photosystem 1 --> Cytochrome-b6f-complex --> Photosystem II --> NADP+ Reductase -->NADPH

No. The photosystems are in the wrong order. The correct flow is: Photosystem II --> Cytochrome-b6f-complex--> Photosystem I --> NADP+ Reductase -->NADPH

What is the path of electron flow during the light reactions (during noncyclic electron flow)?

Photosystem II --> Cytochrome-b6f-complex--> Photosystem I --> NADP+ Reductase -->NADPH

What complex pumps H+ into the thylakoid lumen?

The cytochrome-b6f-complex.

In what direction does the cytochrome-b6f-complex pump H+ during the light reactions?

Into the thylakoid lumen.

What is the direct power source for ATP synthase?

The H+ electrochemical gradient.

In which direction to H+ flow through ATP synthase during the light reactions?

From the thylakoid lumen into the stroma.

In the light reactions, during noncyclic electron flow, where do the electrons donated by water to Photosystem II end up?

In NADPH.

What creates the H+ electrochemical gradient during the light reactions?

The cytochrome-b6f-complex (Two other things contribute to the gradient: the production of H+ in the thylakoid lumen by Photosystem II when its splits water and the use of H+ in the stroma when NADP+ Reductase reduces NADP+ to NADPH)

Which of the following products of the light reactions are used in Photosynthesis?

ATP
NADPH
Oxygen

ATP and NADPH

What is the product of cyclic electron flow?

ATP

What are the products of noncyclic electron flow?

ATP
NADPH
Oxygen

What is the path of electron flow in cyclic electron flow?

Photosystem I --> Cytochrome-b6f-complex --> Photosystem I

What is the product of the Calvin cycle that is used by the plant to make food and other organic molecules?

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

List the 3 phases (stages) of the Calvin Cycle.

1. Carbon Fixation
2. Reduction and Carbohydrate Production
3. Regeneration of Ribulose Bisphosphate (RuBP)

What stages of the Calvin cycle require ATP?

The reduction and carbohydrate production stage and the regeneration of RuBP stage

What stage of the Calvin cycle requires NADPH?

The reduction and carbohydrate production stage.

In what stage of the Calvin cycle does carbon dioxide get attached to RuBP?

The carbon fixation stage.

In what stage of the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate made?

The reduction and carbohydrate production stage.

In what stage of the Calvin cycle is RuBP made?

The regeneration of RuBP stage

How many carbon dioxide molecules have to enter that Calvin cycle to produce 1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecule that the plant can use to make food and other organic molecules?

3

How many carbon dioxide molecules have to enter that Calvin cycle to produce 1 glucose molecule?

6

In what stage of the Calvin cycle does a 3 carbon molecule get turned into glyceradehyde-3-phosphate?

The reduction and carbohydrate production stage.

In what stage of the Calvin cycle does an unstable 6 carbon molecule split to form two 3 carbon molecules?

The carbon fixation stage.

In what stage of the Calvin cycle are glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules used to make RuBP molecules?

The regeneration of RuBP.

What enzyme attaches carbon dioxide to RuBP in the first stage of the Calvin Cycle?

Rubisco

Draw out the carbon fixation stage.

Draw out the reduction and carbohydrate production stage.

Draw out the regeneration of RuBP stage.

What is the first step in photorespiration?

The first step in photorespiration is oxygen binding to Rubisco instead of carbon dioxide. Rubsico then attaches oxygen to RuBP.

In what type of plants does initial carbon fixation occur through Rubisco?

C3 plants

In what type of plants does initial carbon fixation take place in a mesophyll cell while the Calvin cycle occurs in a bundle-sheath cell?

C4 plants

In C4 plants, what enzyme performs initial carbon fixation?

PEP Carboxylase. It attaches carbon dioxide to a 3 carbon molecule (PEP), which created a 4 carbon molecule.

What types of plants separate initial carbon fixation from the calvin cycle?

C4 plants and CAM plants

In what type of plants does initial carbon fixation occur at night and the Calvin cycle occur during the day?

CAM plants

What types of plants have an advantage in hot and dry environments?

C4 plants and CAM plants.

What type of plant has an advantage in cool conditions?

C3 plants

What types of plants have pathways that minimize photorespiration?

C4 plants and CAM plants

Why do C4 plants and CAM plants have an advantage in hot and dry environments?

Because they have pathways that minimize photorespiration.

When in cool environments, why do C3 plants have an advantage over C4 plants?

Because C4 plants require more energy (ATP) to fix carbon.

What type of conditions favor photorespiration?

Hot and dry conditions.