NADH shuttle system
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5 Terms
purpose
allows NADH + H+ to move from cytosol → mito. matrix for the ETC to work
glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
prominent in skeletal muscle
enzymes: cytoplasmic + mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
mito. is membrane-bound
G3P shuttle mechanism
NADH + H+ oxidized to NAD+, DHAP reduced to glycerol-3-phosphate in cytoplasm (dehydrogenase/DH)
glycerol-3-phosphate oxidized to DHAP, FAD reduced to FADH2 in mitochondria (DH)
FADH2 transfers e- to Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone), reducing to QH2 (ubiquinol) → enter ETC
malate aspartate shuttle
prominent in heart + liver tissue
enzymes:
cytoplasmic + mito. malate DH
cytoplasmic + mito. asparate aminotransferase (“transaminase”)
malate-a-ketoglutarate antiporter (memb. bound)
glutamate-aspartate antiporter (memb. bound)
antiporters: leads one sub. into matrix, one out of matrix (italicized is the sub. going OUT)
