Medical Terms Ch 9, 10, 11

a-, an-

not, without

-cele

hernia, tumor, swelling

corp/u, corpor/o

body

cyst/o, vesic/o

urinary bladder

dia-

between, apart

-ectasis

stretching, dilation, enlargement

-emia

blood condition

-esis

abnormal condition, disease

extra-

beyond, outside

gen-, gen/o, -gen

producing, forming

glomerul/o

glomerulus, cluster of capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's capsule inside a nephron

hydr/o, hydra-

relating to water

lith/o

stone, calculus

-lysis

breakdown, destruction

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

noct/i

night

-osis

abnormal condition, disease

-ostomy

surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface

-otomy

cutting, surgical incision

-pexy

surgical fixation

prostat/o

prostate gland

-ptosis

droop, prolapse

py/o

pus

pyel/o

renal pelvis

-rrhage, -rrhagia

abnormal excessive fluid discharge

spad/o

draw off

sten/o, -stenosis

(abnormal) narrowing

supra-

upper, excessive, above

-tripsy

to crush

ur/o, urin/o

urine, urinary tract

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

-uria

urine

ablation

removal of a body part or the destruction of its function

acute renal failure (ARF)

sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood

alpha-adrenergic blockers

relax muscles in prostate and bladder neck; improve urination in BPH

antibiotics (for urinary tract)

treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract

antispasmodics

medication administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions

anuria

absence of urine formation by the kidneys

azotemia

elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) caused by a lack of blood flow to each kidney

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland often found in men over 50

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

progressive loss of renal function over months or years

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

ongoing dialysis as the patient does ADLs. Instilled from a plastic container worn under the patient’s clothing

continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD)

also known as automated peritoneal dialysis, uses a machine to cycle the dialysate solution during the night while the patient sleeps

cystalgia

pain in the urinary bladder

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

cystocele

a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

cystolith(s)

a stone located within the urinary bladder

cystoscopy (cysto)

visual exam of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

dialysis

procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function

digital rectal exam(s) (DRE)

manual exam performed on men to palpate the prostate gland to detect prostate enlargement and look for indicators of prostate cancer

diuresis

increased output of urine

diuretics

medication administered to increase urine secretion to rid the body of excess salt and water

dysuria

difficult or painful urination

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

final stage of chronic kidney disease

enuresis

involuntary discharge of urine

epispadias

congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. In males, located on upper surface of the penis; in female, in region of the clitoris

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

destruction of kidney stones using high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

blood test to check how well the kidneys are filtering blood

glomerulonephritis (Bright's Disease)

type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli

hemodialysis (hemo)

process where waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood

hydronephrosis(-es)

dilation of one or both kidneys

hydroureter(s)

distension of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked

hyperproteinuria

presence of abnormally higher concentrations of protein in the urine

hypoproteinemia

presence on abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

hypospadias

congenital abnormality of urethral opening. In male, underside of the penis; in female, urethra opens into vagina

interstitial cystitis

chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

set of x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

ileal conduit

use of small piece of intestine to convey urine to the ureters and to a stoma in the abdomen

kidneys, ureter, bladder x-ray (KUB)

x-ray study without use of contrast medium, detects bowel obstructions and nephroliths

nephrolith(s)

stone located in the kidney

nephrolithiasis(-es)

presence of stones in the kidney

nephrologist

physician who specialized in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys

nephrolysis

surgical loosening or destruction (of pathological adhesions binding the) kidney (to surrounding tissues)

nephron(s)

microscopic functional units of each kidney

nephropathy(-ies)

any disease of the kidney

nephrostomy

placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body

nephrotic syndrome(s)

group of conditions where excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine

neurogenic bladder

urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

nocturia

frequent and excessive urination during the night

nocturnal enuresis

urinary incontinence during sleep

oliguria

scanty urination

overactive bladder

condition where muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even when the bladder isn’t full

overflow incontinence

continuous leaking from the bladder either because it’s full or because it doesn’t empty completely

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back

peritoneal dialysis

dialysis where the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

genetic disorder characterized by growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidney

polyuria

excessive urination

prostate-specific antigen testing (PSA)

diagnostic blood test that’s used to screen for prostate cancer

prostatism

disorder resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate gland

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney

pyelotomy

surgical incision into the renal pelvis

pyonephrosis, nephropyosis

suppuration of the kidney

recurrent urinary tract infection

cystitis that occurs two or more times in six months, or three or more times a year

renal cell carcinoma

most common form of kidney cancer in adults

renal colic

acute pain in kidney area caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone

retrograde pyelogram

x-ray of the urinary system taken after a contrast medium has been placed in the urethra and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract

stress incontinence

inability to control voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

suprapubic catheterization

placement of a urinary catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall