student rdh pharmacology - antibacterial, tetracycline, chlorhexidine, tuberculosis

anti-hypertensive agents

prevents and controls high blood pressure

diuretics: generic and brand names

generic name: hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide

brand name: microzide, lasix

diuretics: mechanism of action

blocks sodium reabsorption in the Loop of Henle/ distal tubule = decrease in blood volume and resistance

the suffix -ide means what?

water pills

diuretics: target site

kidneys (nephrons)

diuretics: common side effects

- frequent urination

- dehydration

- hypokalemia (low potassium)

- dizziness

diuretics: contraindications

- severe renal impairment

- dehydration

diuretics: primary effect

decrease blood volume and preload

diuretics: dental relevance

- risk of orthostatic hypertension

- xerostomia

beta blockers: generic and brand names

generic: atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol

brand: lopressor, inderal, zebeta

Are beta blockers first line for HTN?

no, used for comorbidities

beta blockers: mechanism of action

bind to beta 1 and 2 receptors and block responses.

This causes decreased HR and contractility.

what is the suffix for beta blockers?

-olol

beta blockers: target site

selective (B1) or non-selective

beta blockers: primary effect

decrease heart rate and cardiac output

beta blockers: side effects

- fatigue

- bradycardia

- bronchoconstriction (non-selective)

- masks hypoglycemia

beta blockers: contraindications

- asthma (non-selective)

- bradycardia

beta blockers: dental relevance

limit epinephrine to .04mg with non-selective agents

calcium channel blockers: generic and brand names

generic: nifedipine, amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil

brand: procardia, norvasc, cardizem, isoptin

calcium channel blockers: mechanism of action

inhibits calcium influx in vascular smooth muscle = vasodilation

calcium channel blockers: target site

vascular smooth muscle and the heart

calcium channel blockers: primary effect

vasodilation

calcium channel blockers: side effects

- gingival hyperplasia

- headache

- flushing

- hypotension

calcium channel blockers: contraindications

- severe hypotension

- heart block

calcium channel blockers: dental relevance

gingival enlargement (especially nifedipine)

ace inhibitors: generic and brand names

generic: ends in -pril

brand: zestril, vasotric, altace, capoten

ace inhibitors: mechanism of action

inhibits ace enzyme = blocks the formation of angiotensin II

ace inhibitors: target site

renin-angiotensin system

ace inhibitors: primary effect

vasodilation

ace inhibitors: side effects

- dry cough

- angioedema

- hypotension

ace inhibitors: contraindications

- history of angioedema

- pregnancy

ace inhibitors: dental relevance

dry cough

ARB - angiotensin II receptor blockers: generic and brand names

generic: losartan, valsartan, irbansartan

brand: cozaar, diovan, avapro

ARB - angiotensin II receptor blockers: mechanism of action

blocks angiotensin II receptors = vasodilation

what is the suffix for ARB ?

-tan

ARB - angiotensin II receptor blockers: target site

renin-angiotensin system

ARB - angiotensin II receptor blockers: primary effect

vasodilation

ARB - angiotensin II receptor blockers: side effects

- dizziness

- angioedema (rare)

- NO DRY COUGH

ARB - angiotensin II receptor blockers: contraindications

- pregnancy

- history of angioedema

why should .04mg epinephrine be used on patients taking non-selective beta blockers?

their blood vessels can't dilate properly, increasing the risk for spike in BP

bradykinin

a natural chemical that causes blood vessel to dilate. However when it builds up it causes a dry cough and even swelling.

beta blockers are not first line for hypertension; it is essential for patient that have or had a history of what ?

- heart attack (MI)

- angina

- anxiety

- arrhythmias