Biology Quiz 10/28/26 Photophosphorylation and Feed of Hydrides to Calvin Cycle

extremely low energy, long waveform stack of two chlorophylls to which electrons enter one at a time to become excited by photons within photosystem II

P680

collective entity to which 4 individual electrons first go before being fed one at a time into photosystem II

manganese cluster

mutli-atomic "wire" entities that conduct electrons within photosystem I AND within ferredoxin to donate electrons to the reductase enzyme of the Z scheme of photophosphorylation

iron sulfur cluster

molecule which becomes reduced and protonated by H⁺s coming from the stroma by photosystem II to begin the process of shuttling those protons to the thylakoid space side of the thylakoid membrane

plastoquinone

low energy stack of chlorophylls within photosystem I to  which electrons are donated one at a time by the Cu⁺ liganded protein to be excited to their highest energy state within the Z scheme of photophosphorylation

p700

primary source of electrons that is used to drive photophosphorylation

water

copper-liganded (Cu²⁺) protein which is freely soluble in the thylakoid space that docks with and is reduced by cytochrome b6-f (to the Cu⁺state) which will be oxidized by photosystem I

plastocyanin

reduced molecule which carries the excited state electrons of the Z scheme to be donated to the Calvin cycle

NAPDH

oxidized by cytochrome b6-f to deliver protons to the thylakoid space side of the thylakoid membrane

plastoquinol

process that utilizes the proton gradient within the thylakoid space to drive the steps of ATP synthesis

chemiosmosis