Physiology Module 8: RBC Formation, Hemoglobin, and Lifespan

What is the primary function of blood?

Transport oxygen and other nutrients.

What protein in red blood cells carries oxygen?

Hemoglobin (Hgb).

What enzyme in red blood cells catalyzes the reaction of CO2 and water?

Carbonic anhydrase.

What is anemia?

A decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells (RBC).

What is polycythemia?

An increase in the number of circulating red blood cells (RBC).

What is the shape of mammalian red blood cells?

Generally biconcave discs, non-nucleated, non-motile.

How do avian red blood cells differ from mammalian red blood cells?

Avian RBCs are oval, nucleated, and non-motile.

What is the typical concentration ratio of white blood cells (WBC) to red blood cells (RBC)?

1 WBC to 7 RBC.

Where does the genesis of red blood cells begin during embryonic life?

In the yolk sac.

Which organ is the main site of red blood cell production during the second trimester of gestation?

The liver.

What is the final stage of red blood cell maturation?

Erythrocytes.

What hormone is secreted by the kidney in response to decreased tissue oxygenation?

Erythropoietin.

What is the life span of red blood cells in dogs?

100-130 days.

What vitamin is essential for red blood cell maturation?

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin).

What type of anemia is caused by maturation failure due to vitamin deficiency?

Macrocytic / megaloblastic anemia.

What happens to red blood cells after their life span?

They are eaten by macrophages or undergo autolysis.

What are Kupffer cells?

Specialized macrophages in the liver.

Where does extravascular hemolysis primarily occur?

In the Mononuclear Phagocytic System (MPS).

What is the life span of red blood cells in chickens?

20-30 days.

What substances are needed for red blood cell formation?

Cobalt, iron, and copper.

What is the fate of red blood cells in the spleen?

They are destroyed and recycled.