Sistem Pemerintahan, Sosioekonomi, dan Pendidikan Masyarakat Tempatan

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the traditional governance, legal systems, economic activities, weights and measures, resources, and intellectual education in the Malay states, Sabah, and Sarawak.

Pendidikan Tidak Formal

Early education and upbringing provided within the family institution to impart moral values, religious knowledge, etiquette, and essential livelihood skills.

Si Tanggang Anak Derhaka

A traditional folklore taught within non-formal education to instill the moral value of never rebelling or being disobedient toward one's parents.

Anjing dengan Bayang-bayang

A moral tale used in non-formal education to teach individuals not to be greedy (tamak).

Non-Formal Education in Sarawak

Education imparted through oral traditions (cerita lisan) regarding ancestral customs and beliefs, focusing on practical skills such as hunting (berburu) and gathering forest produce (meramu hasil hutan).

Non-Formal Education in Sabah

Practical learning received from family and local community members covering survival skills such as wet-rice farming (bersawah), livestock rearing (berternak), carpentry, hunting, climbing, fishing, and blowpipe hunting (menyumpit).

Syahbandar

An official appointed by local rulers to manage port operations and trade facilities at strategic river mouths.

Sukatan Melayu (Malay Capacity Measures)

Traditional Malay volumetric measurement units used for trade: $1\text{ leng} = 2\text{ kepul}$, $1\text{ kal} = 2\text{ leng}$, $1\text{ cupak} = 4\text{ kal}$, and $1\text{ gantang} = 4\text{ cupak}$.

Chinese Weight System (Sistem Timbangan China)

A weight measurement system adopted from Chinese traders and combined with the Malay pikul system: $16\text{ tahil} = 1\text{ kati}$ and $100\text{ kati} = 1\text{ pikul}$.

Indian Weight System for Gold and Silver

A weight system adopted from Indian traders to measure precious metals: $12\text{ saga} = 1\text{ mayam}$, $16\text{ mayam} = 1\text{ bungkal}$, and $12\text{ bungkal} = 1\text{ kati}$.

British Measurement Units

Measurement standards introduced following British influence in the Malay World, including ounces (auns), pounds (paun), tons (tan), and gallons (gelen).

Duit Kijang

Traditional gold coinage issued and utilized in Kelantan (mata wang emas Kelantan).

Duit Pitih Terengganu

A metallic coin currency used in Terengganu between 1835 and 1920.

Sistem Percukaian (Taxation System)

A system where payments (cukai) were levied on mining, agriculture, forest produce, and trade, providing government revenue to foster state prosperity.

Mendulang

A traditional panning method carried out in river areas and valleys to extract tin ore (bijih timah).

Melampan

A traditional mining method used alongside mendulang by the local community to extract tin ore and gold.

Hasil Laut (Marine Produce)

Valuable maritime resources harvested locally, including shark fins (sirip ikan yu), sea cucumbers (timun laut), seaweed (rumpai laut), and pearls (mutiara).

Kain Pua

A traditional woven fabric produced by skilled craftspeople in Sarawak.

Hierarki Pemerintahan di Negeri Sembilan

The governance hierarchy in Negeri Sembilan ordered from top to bottom: Yamtuan Besar (or Yang di-Pertuan Besar), Undang, Lembaga, Buapak, and Anak Buah together with Ibu Soko.

Ibu Soko

An individual who knows, understands, and memorizes the customs and lineage of her kinship group, playing a direct role in the selection and appointment of the Buapak.

Sistem Kesukuan dan Sistem Kesultanan di Sarawak

The two administrative systems that formed the governance structure in Sarawak prior to Western intervention.

Sistem Pemerintahan di Sabah

The three systems of governance present in Sabah: Sistem Kesukuan, Sistem Kesultanan, and Sistem Ketua Bebas.

Undang-Undang Tidak Bertulis

Unwritten laws known as adat (customs), exemplified by Adat Perpatih in the Malay states.

Undang-Undang Bertulis

Written legal codes in the Malay states, including Hukum Kanun Melaka, Hukum Kanun Pahang, and Undang-Undang 99 Perak.