Anatomy and Physiology - Cranial Nerves

Olfactory Nerve

• Sense of smell

• Damage: Impaired sense of smell

Optic Nerve

• Provides vision

• Damage = Blindness

Occulomotor

• Eye up, down, and in

• Constriction and dilation

• Opening, focusing

• Damage: Difficulty and the eye ends up just going down and out

Trochlear

• Down, laterally - medial

• Double vision, up an in = is what happens when it gets damaged

Trigeminal

• Ability to feel your face, lower, and jaw

• Eating

• Damage = chewing and a loss of sensation

Abducens

• Moving the eye left to right

• Damage = inability to go l and r

Facial

• Taste, expression, salivery and lacrimal galnds

• Only front of the tongue taste

• Damage = facial sagging

Vestibulocochlear

• Special hearing

• Sense of balance

• Damage = Loss of balance, dizziness, nausea, deafness

Glossopharangeal

• Swallowing, voice production

• gagging and salivation

• taste in the back 1/3 of the tongue

• Damage = no gag reflex and lack of swallowing - food may go down the epiglotas and you won’t gag it up

Vagus

• Lower face sensation

• Voice production

• Digestive and reproductive

• Cardiovascular

• Damage = no voice, anomolies in the blood, loss of system function, loss of swallowing

Accessory Nerve

• Head, neck, and shoulder movement,

• Damage = Impaired Head/Neck/shoulder movement (No side to side drooping)

Hypoglossal

• Speech, swallowing, food, manipulation (movement)

• If both damaged - can’t portrude tongue at all

• If one - tongue goes to one side