Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio/GTPAL/Nageles Rules/Danger signs of pregnancy

• What is surfactant?

• A wetting agent that lowers tension of a liquid allowing easier spreading

• Sufficient in amount by 32 weeks

• Blend of surface acting agent

• What is lecithin?

• Most critical surfactant

• What is sphingomyelin

• Remains constant in amount

• What does L/S ratio mean?

• Fetal lung maturity

• What is the rating for mature lungs?

• 2:1

• What is the rating for gestational diabetes?

• 3:1

• What is phosphatidylglycerol (PG)?

• Absence of this is associated with respiratory distress

• What is GTPAL?

• Gravida

  • Total number of pregnancies

• Term

  • Pregnancies that reach full term

• Preterm

  • Pregnancies between 20-36 weeks

• Abortion

  • Number of pregnancies that ended with miscarriage/abortion before 20 weeks

• Living

  • Number of living children

• Nageles rule

• 3 calendar month

• 7 days

• 1 year

• What are dangerous signs of pregnancy?

• ROM

• Vaginal bleeding

• Decreased fetal maturity

• Severe HA

• Blurred vision

• Epigastric pain

• Edema

• Abdominal pain

• Infection

• Severe vomiting