Hormonal & Reproductive Drugs

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the hormonal and reproductive drugs relevant in veterinary medicine, including definitions and clinical uses.

What are the primary glands of the endocrine system?

Major glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, pancreas, adrenal glands, and gonads.

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin and ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

What is the function of oxytocin in veterinary practice?

Management of some dystocias and stimulation of milk letdown.

What does ADH (vasopressin) treat?

Shock, cardiac arrest, and management of diabetes insipidus.

What hormones do the adrenal cortex secrete?

Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids (like aldosterone).

What is the role of insulin and glucagon?

Insulin decreases blood glucose levels; glucagon increases blood glucose levels.

What hormone is used to diagnose adrenal cortical disease?

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone).

What does TSH assist in diagnosing?

Hypothyroidism.

What hormone is used to increase growth rates in livestock?

Growth Hormone (GH).

What is levothyroxine used for?

Management of hypothyroidism in dogs.

What is the difference between Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus in pets?

Type I (IDDM) is insulin dependent, usually in dogs; Type II (NIDDM) is usually in cats and may go into remission.

What insulin is sometimes used in managing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Regular crystalline insulin.

What is the function of glipizide in diabetic cats?

It's an oral hypoglycemic agent that may encourage insulin sensitivity.

What is an indication of exacerbating blood glucose levels?

Drugs like glucocorticoids, epinephrine, and diazoxide.

What is the hormonal drugs are responsible for managing hyperadrenocorticism?

mitotane and trilostane.

What does the ACTH stimulation test diagnose?

Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease).

What is the FDA approved treatment for hyperadrenocorticism in horses?

Pergolide mesylate (Prascend®).

What do prostaglandins treat in small animals?

Pyometra, induce abortion, and induce parturition.

What hormones do gonadotropins release?

LH (Luteinizing Hormone) and FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone).

What is the role of estriol (Incurin®) in female dogs?

Approved for treating estrogen-responsive urinary incontinence in spayed females.

What are anabolic steroids used for in animals?

To promote muscle growth and improve performance.

What role do progesterones play in veterinary practices?

Used to block estrus and synchronize breeding in livestock.

What adverse effects can estrogen-like drugs cause?

Anorexia and vomiting.

What is the indication of using Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)?

It simulates LH release.

What is the effect of using Dinoprost tromethamine in livestock?

It helps synchronize estrus and induce labor.

What is Fludrocortisone acetate used for?

It provides both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity.

What adverse effects can occur with trilostane?

GI disturbances, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.

What do mineralocorticoids manage in patients?

They manage hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease).

What is the function of leptin in the body?

Regulates energy balance and inhibits hunger.

Name a common side effect of drug treatments for diabetes mellitus in pets.

Hypoglycemia.

What do glucocorticoids do in low doses?

They manage hypoadrenocorticism.

What are the major hormones from thyroid glands?

T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), along with calcitonin.

What is one example of a hormonal implant used in livestock?

Trenbolone acetate (TBA) for feedlot heifers.

What are the cautions regarding handling prostaglandins?

They should not be handled by pregnant women.

What veterinary drug acts as an anti-androgen?

Finasteride, which blocks testosterone conversion.