1.6.2. Lipid Metabolism

β-Oxidation

What process breaks down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units?

Mitochondrial matrix

What is the cellular site of β-oxidation?

Acetyl-CoA

What molecule is removed from a fatty acid during each cycle of β-oxidation?

Carnitine shuttle

What transport system carries long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria?

CPT-I

What enzyme controls the entry of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria?

Fatty acid synthesis

What process synthesizes fatty acids from acetyl-CoA?

Cytosol

What is the cellular site of fatty acid synthesis?

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

What is the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?

Palmitate

What is the major end product of de novo fatty acid synthesis?

NADPH

What reducing agent is required for fatty acid synthesis?

Lipogenesis

What process synthesizes triglycerides from fatty acids and glycerol?

Lipolysis

What process breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

Hormone-sensitive lipase

What enzyme is classically associated with hormone-stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue?

Insulin

What hormone inhibits lipolysis in the fed state?

Ketogenesis

What process produces ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA?

Liver

What organ is the primary site of ketogenesis?

Mitochondria

What cellular compartment is the site of ketogenesis?

Acetoacetate

What ketone body is spontaneously converted to acetone?

Cholesterol synthesis

What pathway synthesizes cholesterol from acetyl-CoA?

HMG-CoA reductase

What is the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis?

Statins

What drug class inhibits HMG-CoA reductase?

Malonyl-CoA

What molecule inhibits CPT-I and prevents simultaneous fatty acid synthesis and oxidation?