APA Referencing and In-text Citations

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the fundamental components and styles of APA referencing and citations based on the provided video transcript.

Reference list entry

The step in academic writing used to credit an original source by providing full publication details at the end of the paper.

In-text citation

A marker within the body of a paper that links the material directly to a reference list entry at the end of the paper.

Four elements of a reference

The four items required for a correct and complete reference list entry: the author, the date, the title, and the source.

Standard in-text citation elements

The two primary items present in almost all in-text citations: the author and the date.

Source locator

A third element occasionally included in a citation, such as a paragraph number or timestamp, which corresponds to the source type.

Paraphrase material

Expressing another author's ideas using one's own words; the transcript suggests this should account for $98\%$ of citable material.

Directly quoted material

The use of another person's words verbatim, which the transcript states should be used sparingly.

Verbatim

The keyword for direct quotes, meaning the words must stay exactly as they were found in the original source.

Parenthetical citation

A formatting choice where the citation elements are enclosed in parentheses.

Narrative citation

A formatting choice where the citation elements are incorporated into the structure of the sentence, such as including the author's last name in the text followed by the date in parentheses.