Animal Laboratory Science Course

Birds can be euthanized with CO2.

True

Decapitation is the best method for euthanizing rodents.

False

Fetuses can be euthanized with CO2.

False

Rabbits can be euthanized with CO2.

False

You can euthanize all species with anesthetic overdose.

True

You should use sedation before giving Pentobarbital (Mebunat) i.v or i.p.

True

Anesthesia level is easy to control in injectable anesthesia.

False

Buprenorphine has longer duration of action than morphine.

True

Buprenorphine, morphine, fentanyl, pentobarbital, midazolam must be kept in locked place with restricted access and records.

True

Inhalation anesthesia requires intubation.

False

Opioids reduce inflammation.

False

Painmedication is necessary only after surgery.

False

Who is responsible for correct packing, labelling and disposal of the waste produced.

The waste producer

Anogenital distance is shorter in males.

False

Coprophagy means reusing food by eating own feces.

True

Estrus cycle lasts 21 days in rats and mice.

False

Inbred strains are created by mating brother to sister OR younger parent to offspring for 20 or more consecutive generations.

True

Mice have five pairs of mammary glands.

True

Neonates are born blind, deaf, hairless, and unable to thermoregulate.

True

Optimal room temperature for rabbits (16-18 C) is lower compared to rodents (18-24 C).

True

Rabbits cannot vomit.

True

Rabbits have no estrus cycle, ovulation is induced by copulation.

True

Rats do not have gall bladder.

True

Rodents can sweat and vomit.

False

The bigger the body size the narrower thermoneutral zone.

False

The EU directive (EU/2010/63) regulates the use of vertebrates and invertebrates, including cephalophods.

True

Thermoneutral zone is the temperature range where need of energy to maintain homeothermy (constant body temperature) is lowest.

True

Thermoregulation is the mean to maintain a relative constant tissue temperature.

True

Which is not a way of thermoregulation for rodents.

Sweating

Which statements are correct?

All statements are correct.

Breeders, suppliers and users of laboratory animals must be authorized by, and registered with, the competent authority

Yes

CO2 euthanasia method can be used for killing rabbits

No

Does the scientist have the obligation to do the study without animals if the proper methods for this are available?

Yes, if another method or testing strategy for obtaining the result sought, not entailing the use of a live animal, is recognized

Is it legal to omit anesthesia in an animal experiment?

Yes, if is judged to be more traumatic to the animal than the procedure itself or it is incompatible with the purpose of the procedure A

PROCEDURE means any use, invasive or non-invasive, of an animal for experimental or other scientific purposes, with known or unknown outcome, or educational purposes, which may cause the animal a level of pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm equivalent to, or higher than, that caused by the introduction of a needle in accordance with good veterinary practice.

True

Requirements for the care of the animals are given in the EU Directive EU/2010/63 in ANNEX

3

The Annex in the directive EU/2010/63 containing guideless for euthanasia is

Annex 4

Which of the following animals are NOT included in the European and Finnish legislation in relation to protection of animals used for scientific purposes?

Drosophila melanogaster

Which one of the followings is not considered as procedure

Sampling of blood for health monitoring in a rat colony

"All medical research for the sake of humans should not be allowed’ represents the view of

Animal rights

Animal welfare is related to health and quality of life and is considered to the experience of the animal itself

True

A utilitarian approve the use of animals in research because it leads to a net increase in welfare for humans or other animals.

True

Harm Benefit analysis is carried out as part of the project evaluation.

True

Harm Benefit analysis is weighing the expected harm in terms of suffering, pain and distress against the expected benefits.

True

Openness and putting the 3Rs into practice improve the public acceptance of animal research

True

Pain and suffering due to arthritis model cannot be treated because it is related to the protocol

False

Sentience means consciousness and the capacity to feel, perceive or experience subjectively

True

The contractarian have no moral obligation towards the animals but can treat animals ethically if it benefits humans.

True

The European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing

EURL ECVAM

The Five Freedoms grew out of the criticism of intensive farm animal production in Japan in 1860s.

False

The modern biomedical animal experimentation is based on the

Utilitarianism

Which one is not one of the 3Rs

Restoration

Factors that affect experimental animal nutritional requirements include

Genetic background

Common feeding protocols used in experimental settings include

Ad libitum feeding that means the food is available for animals without restrictions

Common feeding protocols used in experimental settings include

Pair feeding that means the amount of food provided to a control group of mice is matched to that consumed by the experimental group (yes)

Closed-formula natural ingredient diet is

a chow-type diet composed of non-purified natural ingredients e.g. fish meal or soy mean as a source of protein and ground corn and wheat as a source of carbohydrates

Open-formula semipurified AIN-93G diet is

invariable in composition of ingredients, vitamins and minerals

Open-formula semipurified AIN-93G diet is

a diet composed of refined and restricted set of natural ingredients containing e.g. purified casein as a source of protein and cellulose as a source of fiber

A preclinical study performed at the Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku reported that rats were fed with standard diet. This means the research diet used in the study was  

unknown

How you interpret p-value over 0.05?

result is not statistically significant

If confidence intervals for group A and group B do not overlap

you know that the group difference is statistically significant

If statistical power for future study is 20%

it is very low, do not perform the study

If your confidence interval is very narrow

it is very good, your study have high accuracy

Is it important to check whether you have outliers in your data

yes, of course, otherwise your conclusion can be wrong

Standard deviation

is measure of variation

When mean value is optimal descriptive statistics?

when data is normally distributed

When median value is optimal descriptive statistics?

when data is not normally distributed

Actual severity assessment is done at the end of procedure

yes

Body weight is not always a reliable indicator of pain

True

Current definition of pain by IASP is

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

Humane end point is

The upper limit of indicators of pain and distress, used to terminate the experiment or giving treatment

‘Non-recovery’ procedures are those experiments that are performed under general anesthesia and from which the animal will not recover consciousness

Yes

Pain has to be treated for moral, legal and scientific responsibilities

Yes

Retrospective assessment of projects MAY BE required for projects classified as

Severe

What would be the severity classification? “Non-invasive imaging of animals (e.g. MRI) with appropriate sedation or anesthesia”

Mild

What would be the severity classification? “putting a rat in metabolic cage for 12 h for urine collection

Mild

What would be the severity classification? “putting a rat in metabolic cage for 3 days for urine collection

Moderate

Animals recover better without pain medication, because then they move less and stiches don’t open

False

Aseptic technique means measures taken to prevent micro-organisms entering animal during surgery

True

Avoidance of dead space is one of Halsted’s principles on tissue handling

True

Basic non-sterile gloves are enough in rodent surgery

False

Cutting needle or reverse cutting needle is good choice on tough tissues like skin

True

Fasting is not recommended for dogs

False

Hands should be washed and disinfected before placing sterile gloves

True

Weighing animals before surgery and anesthesia is not necessary if you have done it before acclimatisation

False