swine internal parasites

What is the common name of Ascaris suum?

Roundworm of swine

What are the phylum and class of Ascaris suum?

Nemathelminthes / Nematoda

Where is Ascaris suum located?

Small intestine (SI)

What are the paratenic hosts of Ascaris suum?

Dung beetles and earthworms

What animals does Ascaris suum affect?

Pigs

What are the clinical signs of Ascaris suum larvae?

Moist coughs called thumps, rapid shallow breathing, stunted growth, and pyrexia

What are the clinical signs of adult Ascaris suum?

Digestive problems, stunted growth, and GI obstruction with pain

What is the pathology of Ascaris suum?

Milk spots in the liver; young pigs may develop atelectasis and die

How is Ascaris suum diagnosed?

Fecal exam with Sheather's solution, farm history, history of pigs raised on dirt, and necropsy

How is Ascaris suum treated and controlled?

Pyrantel, fenbendazole, ivermectin, keeping pigs off dirt, and flaming soil

Is Ascaris suum zoonotic?

Yes

What is the life cycle of Ascaris suum?

Infected eggs are ingested; larvae penetrate the GI wall, travel to the liver, reach the lungs as L3, are coughed up and swallowed, then live in the SI

What is the prepatent period of Ascaris suum?

7–9 weeks

What is the common name of Cystoisospora suis?

Swine coccidia

What are the phylum and class of Cystoisospora suis?

Protozoa / Coccidia

Where is Cystoisospora suis located?

Small intestine (SI)

What animals does Cystoisospora suis affect?

Pigs

What is the pathology of Cystoisospora suis?

Atrophy of the villi of the small intestine

What are the clinical signs of Cystoisospora suis?

Pasty, yellow-gray, malodorous liquid diarrhea and dehydration at 10 days of age

How is Cystoisospora suis diagnosed?

Postmortem SI tissue impression smear showing schizonts or merozoites; oocysts may sometimes be seen in feces

What is the mortality rate of Cystoisospora suis?

High

How is Cystoisospora suis treated and controlled?

Proper sanitation and ponazuril

What is noted about Cystoisospora suis?

It is believed to be a man-made disease

What is the life cycle of Cystoisospora suis?

Pigs ingest sporulated oocysts from the ground; the parasite affects intestinal epithelial cells

What is the prepatent period of Cystoisospora suis?

4–8 days

What is the common name of Trichuris suis?

Swine whipworm

What are the phylum and class of Trichuris suis?

Nemathelminthes / Nematoda

Where is Trichuris suis located?

Cecum and colon

What animals does Trichuris suis affect?

Pigs

What are the clinical signs of Trichuris suis?

Bloody diarrhea, anemia, anorexia, and stunted growth

How is Trichuris suis diagnosed?

Fecal flotation

How is Trichuris suis treated?

Fenbendazole and levamisole

What is the life cycle of Trichuris suis?

Eggs pass in feces and are ingested; L1 hatch and penetrate the cecal mucosa; adults produce eggs

What is the prepatent period of Trichuris suis?

6–7 weeks

What is the common name of Trichinella spiralis?

Trichinellosis

What are the phylum and class of Trichinella spiralis?

Nemathelminthes / Nematoda

Where is the adult form of Trichinella spiralis located?

Small intestine (SI)

Where are Trichinella spiralis larvae located?

Encysted in muscle

What animals can Trichinella spiralis affect?

Pigs, humans, and all mammals

What are phase 1 clinical signs of human trichinellosis?

Diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

What are phase 2 clinical signs of human trichinellosis?

Pain from larval migration and the body's response to infection

What are phase 3 clinical signs of human trichinellosis?

Chronic pain from encysted larvae

How is Trichinella spiralis diagnosed?

Clinical signs, history of eating pork, muscle biopsy, PCR, eosinophilia, and increased CK

How is Trichinella spiralis treated?

Treat symptoms

What is the epidemiology of Trichinella spiralis?

Reportable to the CDC and zoonotic

What are common sources of Trichinella spiralis?

Non-commercially raised pork, undercooked pork, foreign pork, and wild game

How is Trichinella spiralis prevented?

Cook pork thoroughly; freezing may be used for commercially raised pork

What is the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis?

Infected skeletal muscle is eaten; larvae become adults within 5 days, adults reproduce in the GI mucosa, and larvae migrate to and encyst in muscles

Where can Trichinella spiralis larvae encyst?

Intercostal, masseter, diaphragm, and lingual muscles

Does Trichinella spiralis have a life stage outside the body?

No

What is the common name of Haematopinus suis?

Hog louse or sucking louse

What are the phylum and class of Haematopinus suis?

Arthropoda / Insecta

Where is Haematopinus suis located?

Skin

What animals does Haematopinus suis affect?

Swine only

What is the pathology of Haematopinus suis?

Blood sucking

What are the clinical signs of Haematopinus suis?

Erythema, alopecia, and secondary bacterial infections

How is Haematopinus suis diagnosed?

Finding eggs or lice on the pig

How is Haematopinus suis treated?

Ivermectin, doramectin, amitraz, and permethrin

What is the life cycle of Haematopinus suis?

The entire life cycle is spent on the host

What is the common name of Sarcoptes spp.?

Swine scabies

What are the phylum and class of Sarcoptes spp.?

Arthropoda / Acarina

Where is Sarcoptes spp. located?

Skin

What animals does Sarcoptes spp. affect?

Swine only

What is the pathology of Sarcoptes spp.?

Hyperkeratosis and hypersensitivity

What are the clinical signs of Sarcoptes spp.?

Signs occur 3–4 weeks after exposure and include pruritus, excoriations, sores, and crusting scabs

How is Sarcoptes spp. diagnosed?

Skin scraping and clinical signs

How is Sarcoptes spp. treated?

Ivermectin, doramectin, and amitraz

What is the life cycle of Sarcoptes spp.?

The entire life cycle is spent on the pig