Allergic Reaction

Allergic reactions

The body's exaggerated immune response to typically harmless substances, such as allergens.

Assessment of allergic reactions

Involves primary, secondary, and reassessment techniques to evaluate and manage the patient's condition.

Pharmacological interventions

Medical treatments often required in allergic emergencies, including the use of epinephrine.

Cardiac complications

Can occur during severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), necessitating knowledge of emergency cardiac care.

Immunology

The branch of medicine that deals with the immune system and its responses to foreign substances.

Primary assessment

The initial evaluation of airway, breathing, and circulation during an emergency.

Secondary assessment

A detailed evaluation of the patient after the primary assessment.

Reassessment

Ongoing monitoring of the patient's condition following initial treatments and interventions.

Epinephrine

A medication administered in severe allergic reactions to constrict blood vessels and dilate bronchioles.

Anaphylaxis

A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause airway compromise and shock.

Histamine

A chemical released during allergic reactions, responsible for many symptoms, including swelling and itching.

Allergens

Substances that trigger allergic reactions, such as foods, medications, and insect stings.

Mild allergic reactions

Localized symptoms that can involve rashes, itching, or mild swelling, but are generally not dangerous.

Airway management

Techniques used to ensure that the airway remains open and unobstructed, critical during anaphylaxis.

Auto-injector

A device used for the rapid administration of epinephrine during allergic emergencies.

Latex allergies

Allergic reactions triggered by exposure to latex, often prevalent in healthcare settings.

Signs of anaphylaxis

Rapid swelling, difficulty breathing, hypotension, and shock, requiring immediate medical intervention.

Patient assessment

The process of evaluating a patient's condition and determining the necessary emergency response.

Epinephrine dosing

The standard dosage is 0.3 mg for adults and 0.15 mg for children under 30 kg.

Allergic reaction symptoms

Can include itching, hives, swelling, sneezing, or severe respiratory distress.

Vasodilation

The widening of blood vessels, which can lead to a drop in blood pressure during an allergic reaction.

Bronchoconstriction

The tightening of muscles around the airways, causing difficulty breathing.

Stridor

A harsh, high-pitched sound during breathing that may indicate swelling in the airway.

Acute care for allergic reactions

Immediate treatments administered to manage severe allergic symptoms and maintain vital functions.

Gastrointestinal symptoms

Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain that can occur during severe allergic reactions.

Epinephrine administration routes

Typically given intramuscularly into the lateral thigh or via an autoinjector.

Patient transport considerations

Monitoring the patient's condition and preparedness for potential deterioration during transport.

Allergy history

Details regarding previous allergic reactions that inform current management and treatment.

Communication with medical direction

Essential dialogue with medical professionals to ensure appropriate care and intervention.

Reassessment time frame

Health care providers typically reassess the patient every two minutes after epinephrine administration.

Anaphylactic shock signs

Include altered mental status, pallor, clammy skin, and changes in vital signs.

Emergency protocols for allergic reactions

Guidelines that dictate the management and treatment of allergic emergencies in prehospital settings.

Autoinjectors usage instructions

Important to follow, as they provide guidance for effective administration during allergic emergencies.