Colonial America Unit 2

The year Jamestown was settled

1607

charter

a legal contract to set up a new colony.

joint stock company

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.

Virginia Company

an English joint stock company established in 1606 by royal charter by King James I with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America, originally looking for gold.

"Lost Colony"

Roanoke Colony

Location of Jamestown

Swampy, mosquito infested land in Virginia

Jamestown was settled by this group

English

Jamestown

First successful permanent settlement. (1607)

Croatoan

Roanoke colony’s mysterious carving on a tree

Georgia Colony

Founded in 1732 by James Oglethorpe was a place with strict laws for debtors could begin a new life

Maryland 

Founded by Lord Baltimore for English Catholics being persecuted by Church of England -It became a haven for religious freedom and was notable for its Toleration Act of 1649, which granted freedom of worship to all Christians.

colony

A group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country (mother country) elsewhere.

Roanoke

Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. Led by Sir Walter Raleigh

Pilgrims

English Separitists who founded Plymouth colony in 1620

Separatists

People who wanted to separate from the Church of England, due to persecution

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Quakers

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preach a doctrine of pacifism, inner divinity, and social equity under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania

Roger Williams

Rhode Island founder who was exiled from Massachusetts to provide more freedoms.

Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

first written constitution in America

Pennsylvania founder

William Penn

Catholic colony

Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore

Georgia founded by

James Oglethorpe

Southern Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

Salem Witch Trials

Several girls accussed of witchcraft, led to sensational trials, 18 people were hanged as witches. People involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake.

Navigation Acts

Laws enacted by the British Parliament to regulate colonial trade and ensure that it benefited England. The acts restricted colonial trade to English alone on  English ships and required certain goods to be shipped exclusively to England.

Jonathan Edwards

Preacher during the First Great Awakening; His famous sermon was "Sinners in the hands of an angry God."

Adam Smith

Enlightenment economist, known as the father of modern economics, who wrote 'The Wealth of Nations.' against Mercantilism and advocated for free market policies.

Cash Crop

farm crop raised to be sold for money - tobacco was the crop that saved Jamestown - (also cotton)

Georgia

was also created to create a buffer between Spanish Florida and the English Colonies

New York Colony

In 1664, the English took control of the area from the Dutch

Connecticut

Founded in 1636 by Thomas Hooker and other Puritans who disagreed with the leaders of Massachusetts

New England Colonies economy/main sources of income

based on small farms, craftsmen, whaling, lumber, shipbuilding, and fishing

Middle Colonies economy/main sources of income

based on farming grains (wheat), livestock, and other cash crops, trade, manufacturing.

Southern Colonies economy/main sources of income

based on plantation agriculture, cash crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo, as well as slavery.

Spain and Portugal

These 2 countries dominated early exploration and colonization in the New World.

Canada 

The French explored the eastern portion of this country and established settlements in the 16th and 17th centuries.