Female Reproductive Systems (cow, ewe, doe)

The first steps of Female reproduction are the same as the male besides what?

LH and FSH go to the ovaries instead of the Sertoli and Leydig cells

What are the functions of the Ovaries

• Produces egg

• Produces estrogen and progesterone

Functions of FSH and LH

• FSH - causes the follicle (egg) to grow and develop

• LH - releases the Follicle (egg), causing ovulation

Define Estrus and Estrous Cycle

• Estrus - Standing heat

• Estrous Cycle - Time from ovulation to the next

• (estrus is part of the estrous cycle)

Average Number of eggs per estrous cycle for cow, ewe, and doe

• cow, 1 egg per cycle

• ewe, 1-3 eggs per cycle

• doe, 1-3 eggs per cycle

What does the infundibulum do

Catches the egg from the ovary and guides it into the oviduct

Does does the oviduct do?

It transports the egg and sperm with uterine contractions that move cilia (little hairs)

Site of fertilization

What does the uterus do and what hormone does it produce

• Transport of spermatozoa from cervix to the oviduct

• produces prostaglandin

Where is the site of embryo implantation

Uterus

Where is prostaglandin produces and what does it do

• Produces in the uterus

• It destroys CL (if not pregnant) in the uterus and restarts the cycle

Product names for prostaglandin

Lutalyse, estrumate(sythenic), prostamate, and estroplan - all different concentrates

Define Freemartin (most common in cattle) and why it is caused

• Fusion of placental membranes

• Males inhibit sexual reproduction in females because males' sexual organs/hormones are produced earlier than females', which messes with females' sexual organs/hormones

What is the cervix (muscular structure) and what are its functions

A passageway for sperm and fetus, a barrier between the uterus and vagina.

Protects the uterus/fetus by creating a plug

has annular rings

What is the vagina and vuvla

Copulatory organ and birth canal

where is the bladder

the bottom side of the vagina

Estrous period of time for cow, doe, and ewe

Cow, Doe - 21-day cycle

ewe - 17-day cycle

What do Estrogen and Progesterone do to the mammary gland

Estrogen - Ductile development

Progesterone - causes production of milk

Estrogen + Progesterone = ______ Production

Uterine

Estrus (heat) Length for cows, ewes, and does

Cows: 12-18 hours

Ewes: 24-36 hours

Does: 24-48 hours

How many hours after estrus (heat) will females ovulate?

About 24 hours after

What is capacitation?

A process sperm go through in the female (4-6 hours)

What does the Corpus Lutem (CL) do ?

Produces uterine lining to receive and nourish a fertilized egg

If the female is not pregnant, what hormone does the uterus produce, and what does the hormone do?

The uterus releases prostaglandin (PGF2α), which causes the CL to stop producing progesterone, and the CL dies.

If female is pregnant what happens to the CL and what keeps producing?

The CL stays alive and keeps producing progesterone to carry the fetus to term.

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

Pregnancy outside the uterus, in incorrect spot

Cattle, Sheep, and Goat conceptus (fetus) all produce what and what does it do

They produce trophoblastic proteins (OTP-1), which stop prostaglandin production and/or release.

What is MRP and were do the signals come from

MRP- Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy

The signals come from the developing offspring; if not recognized, she can stop producing progesterone

GnRH, site of production, site of action, and function(s)

SOP - hypothalamus

SOA - pituitary

Functions - Releases LH + FSH

FSH, site of production, site of action, and function(s)

SOP - Pituitary

SOA - Ovary

Functions - Follicle development

LH, site of production, site of action, and function(s)

SOP - Pituitary

SOA - Ovary

Functions - Ovulation and formation of CL

Estrogen. site of production, site of action, and function(s)

SOP - Follicle

SOA - Hypothalamus

Functions - Estrus; mating behaviors. Uterine and mammary growth

Progesterone, site of production, site of action, and function(s)

SOP - Corpus Luteum (CL)

SOA - Hypothalamus

Functions - Maintains pregnancy, uterine and mammary growth

Prostaglandin (PgF2 alpha), site of production, site of action, and function(s)

SOP - Uterus

SOA - CL on Ovary

Functions - Kills CL (if not pregnant)

Relaxin, site of production, site of action, and function(s)

SOP - Ovary

SOA - Reproductive tissue, Cervix

Functions - Cervical Dilation

Prolactin, site of production, site of action, and function(s)

SOP - Pituitary

SOA - Mammary Gland

Functions - Milk Synthesis

Oxytocin, site of production, site of action, and function(s)

SOP - Pituitary

SOA - Smooth Muscle of Uterus, Myoepithelial Cells

Functions - Uterine contractions and milk let-down

What hormone is produced by the uterus?

Prostaglandin

What hormones is responsible for milk synthesis?

Prolactin

What hormone acts on the tissue between the uterus and the vagina?

Relaxin

What hormone causes uterine contractions?

Oxytocin

What hormone triggers the LH Surge/

Estrogen

What hormone when present at high levels, triggers estrus behavior?

Estrogen

Where does fertilization take place?

Oviduct

What part of the reproductive tract covers the ovary and collects the egg(s) at ovulation?

Infundibulum

The protein responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy is produced where?

The Fetus

What hormone is produced by the corpus luteum (CL)?

Progesterone

What hormone in females feeds back to the pituitary to shut off LH?

Progesterone