redlining gentrification new urbanism

Suburbanization creates a blank lifestyle

Autocentric

Suburbanization increases

Spatial separation between where people with different incomes live more homogeneity

Suburbanization causes jurisdictional fragmentation resulting in

Competition and uneven development

Suburbanization creates fiscal problems as

Revenue generating potential of central cities declines

Suburbanization create significant differences in

Funding for public schools

Suburbanization result in an environmental impact of

Driving and building larger homes

Suburbanization can also be called

Urban sprawl

Urban sprawl

Unrestricted growth of housing, commercial developments, and roads over large areas of land without concern for urban planning

Urban sprawl is a phenomenon of the

Automobile era

Sprawl is hard to control because of

Jurisdiction fragmentation

Urban sprawl Is

Farmland and industrial sites being demolished

Roads are built and widened

Development of strip malls, and housing developments

Blank is a key way that wealth is built in the United States

Home ownership

Homeowners build wealth as they pay down their mortgage and as the property increases in value

Equity, appreciation

Over long periods, homeownership creates significant

Net worth compared to renters who do not build equity

Red lining

A discriminatory real estate practice that is now illegal that prevented racial minorities from obtaining loans to purchase homes

In redlining federal government policies affected

Who could and could not buy a home in the 20th century, a legacy still felt today

Red lining derives its name from

Red lines drawn on maps used by real estate agents, developers, and banks to determine risky areas for mortgages which corresponded with minority neighborhoods

Red lining – red equals

Risky investments do not give loans

Almost always areas with high percentage of racial minorities

Red lining – green equals

Good investment for a home loan

Almost always a fully white neighborhood

In the 1930s, the federal housing Authority was created to

Facilitate homeownership

Government guidelines influenced

Real estate values where maps were drawn for assessment of financial risk

Between 1934 and 1962, the federal government under road $120 billion of home loans and less than

2% went to non-white

Redlining became illegal with the

Fair housing act of 1968

Gentrification

The renewal or rebuilding of lower income neighborhoods into middle and upper class neighborhoods

Gentrification is tied to

Rapid suburbanization seen in the urban models were suburbs attracted wealthier residents

Gentrification left the Central city with

Lower tax revenues, declining infrastructure under funded schools

In some cases of gentrification city governments invest in

Reviving the CBD

Gentrification can include infrastructure upgrades, such as

Fixing sewer and sidewalks

Gentrification can also include the creation of

Waterfront, parks, marketplace, entertainment, districts, and stadiums

In gentrification the renewed area attracts

Investment houses are bought at low prices and fixed up

The fixing of houses in gentrification attracts

Wealthier residence and more investment in other properties that also get fixed up

The preferences of some urban residence are also changing to favor

More dense, walkable neighborhoods accelerating gentrification

Gentrification raises

Property values in thereby property taxes that must be paid and rent

Gentrification raises the price of

Nearby amenities

Gentrification causes significant

Displacement of lower income residents

Example of gentrification – Atlanta

Old fourth ward neighborhood

Where MLK grew up

Is now where Ponce city market is

New urbanism is an approach to counter

Urban sprawl

New urbanism is a urban design vision

Developed by architects, urban planners and developers

New urbanism can be defined as

Development, urban revitalization and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with diverse housing and employment options

Goals of new urbanism

Reduce how long people spend in traffic

Increase affordable housing

Increase walk ability

Improve and increase public spaces

Create neighborhoods that support sense of community and sense of place

Example of new urbanism

Seaside Florida

Critiques of new urbanism

Space becomes privatized for a few

Designed for the affluent to make suburban life for livable

Does not address social conditions that privileged some while disadvantaging others

Take away the grittiness and character of a city

Communities formed through new urbanist form are exclusionary