White and gray matter and other parts

Commissures fiber , Association fiber, Projection fiber

Types of tracts

Commissures

Allows communication between cerebral

hemispheres

Example: Corpus callosum

Association fibers

Connect different parts of the same hemisphere

Example

Projection fibers

Run vertically Descend from the cerebral cortex

Ascend to the cortex from lower regions

Example: Corticospinal tracts

Basal nuclei or Basal ganglia

Basal Nuclei: group of nuclei deep within the cerebral white matter

Functions: Involved in motor control

1- Start, stop, and regulate intensity of voluntary movements

2- Select appropriate muscles for a task and inhibit others

3- In some way estimate the passage of time

Basal forebrain nuclei

Location: Mainly anterior to hypothalamus

Functions: related to Arousal Learning Memory Motor control

Amygdaloid body

Located in cerebrum but is considered part of

the of the limbic system

Functional brain systems

•Networks of neurons functioning together

and we have two Limbic system, The reticular formation

The Limbic System

Location: Medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres, also within the diencephalon

Septal nuclei, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampal formation

Functions: The emotional brain, •Allows us to shift between thoughts, Interprets pain as unpleasant