Increasing Aerobic Capacity without exercise

Anaerobic metabolism

Without air
Produces 2 mol ATP from 1 mol glucose
Produces lactic acid
Supports high levels of activity for 2 mins

Define Aerobic metabolism

requiring air
Produces 38 mol ATP from 1 mol glucose
19X more efficient than anaerobic metabolism

What are the requirements for high rates of aerobic metabolism

Efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with atmosphere,
Pick up oxygen and carry it to tissues,
Move oxygen at high rates around the body

Enable increase in MR

Lung design and function, change in skeletal design, effectiveness of the heart, increase oxygen delivery to the tissues

How to increase effectiveness in the heart

increase # of chambers and heart rate

How to increase oxygen delivery to tissue

Hemoglobin and myoglobin

Open circulatory systems

Circulatory fluid comes in direct contact with tissues in spaces called sinuses

Closed circulatory system

Circulatory fluid remains within blood vessels and do not come in direct contact with tissues

Closed systems characteristics

found in more active animals aka vertebrates, high pressure and flow, blood flow can be directed to specific tissues and capable of supplying required oxygen to highly active tissues

Water breathing fish circulation

Single circuit, accessory hearts in the tail

air breathing tetrapod circulation

Two circuits, pulmonary (to and from lungs) and systemic circuit (to and from rest of body).