Cloud Edge Computing

Cloud Computing

What is the delivery of computing resources and services over the internet?

Edge Computing

What is a computing approach that processes data near the device or location where it is generated?

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

What is the cloud service model that provides infrastructure such as virtual machines, virtualization layers, virtual private clouds, and block storage?

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

What is the cloud service model that provides managed runtimes, serverless primitives, and container orchestration?

SaaS (Software as a Service)

What is the cloud service model that delivers complete applications over the internet while the provider manages the entire stack?

IaaS

What cloud service model gives users control over the operating system, middleware, and application logic?

PaaS

What cloud service model abstracts away operating system patching and infrastructure provisioning?

SaaS

What cloud service model allows users to access a complete application without managing the underlying infrastructure?

AWS EC2 and Google Cloud Compute Engine

What are the examples of IaaS mentioned in the presentation?

AWS EKS and Google App Engine

What are the examples of PaaS mentioned in the presentation?

Salesforce, Cloudflare, and Google Workspace

What are the examples of SaaS mentioned in the presentation?

Latency Bottleneck

What is the physical limitation in cloud computing that can delay responses in real-time systems?

Round-Trip Latency

What is the time required for a request to travel to a remote system and for its response to return?

50–150 milliseconds

According to the presentation, what is the typical round-trip latency of standard cloud requests?

Less than 5 milliseconds

According to the presentation, what latency can edge processing achieve?

Backhaul Congestion

What problem occurs when large amounts of raw sensor data overwhelm network bandwidth and increase data-transfer costs?

Single Point of Failure

What is the failure risk created when a system depends entirely on its connection to the cloud?

Edge Computing (Device Level)

What is the computing approach in which processing occurs directly on a peripheral device or immediate sensor?

Fog Computing (LAN Level)

What is the computing approach in which processing occurs at local network nodes, enterprise routers, or micro-datacenters between the edge and cloud?

Immediate, deterministic processing without relying on a network uplink

What is the main goal of edge computing according to the presentation?

Data aggregation, localized analytics, filtering raw noise, and buffering data before transmission to centralized cloud storage

What is the main goal of fog computing according to the presentation?

MQTT and CoAP

What communication protocols are listed for edge computing?

HTTP and gRPC

What communication protocols are listed for fog computing?

Edge Computing

What type of computing is ideal for closed-loop control systems that need immediate responses?

Fog Computing

What type of computing acts as a bridge between edge devices and centralized cloud infrastructure?

Single-Board Computer (SBC)

What is a compact computer built on a single circuit board?

Raspberry Pi 5 and Odroid

What are the examples of single-board computers listed in the presentation?

Neural Processing Units (NPUs)

What hardware category uses specialized processors to accelerate AI computations?

NVIDIA Jetson Orin and Google Coral

What are the NPU hardware examples listed in the presentation?

Industrial IoT Gateway

What edge hardware connects industrial devices and supports local communication and processing?

Cisco IR Series and Advantech

What are the industrial IoT gateway examples listed in the presentation?

Thermal Design Power (TDP)

What engineering constraint refers to the heat generated by hardware, especially in sealed or fanless industrial environments?

Limited memory footprint and ARM architecture software compatibility

What software compatibility constraint is associated with single-board computers in the presentation?

Intermittent Connectivity

What challenge occurs when edge devices lose network connectivity intermittently?

Robust Local Caching and State Synchronization Protocols

What mechanisms are required to manage data and system state during intermittent connectivity?

Memory Footprint

What is the term for the amount of memory available for programs and data on an edge device?

A processor architecture used by many edge devices

What does ARM refer to in the edge hardware discussion?

Latency-critical applications where centralized cloud infrastructure introduces unacceptable physical risks or bandwidth costs

What does edge computing adoption depend on according to the presentation?

35%

According to the presentation's 2026 chart, what percentage of edge compute utilization is attributed to Smart Manufacturing and IIoT?

25%

According to the presentation's 2026 chart, what percentage of edge compute utilization is attributed to Autonomous Transport?

20%

According to the presentation's 2026 chart, what percentage of edge compute utilization is attributed to Healthcare and Telemedicine?

12%

According to the presentation's 2026 chart, what percentage of edge compute utilization is attributed to Retail and Smart Cities?

8%

According to the presentation's 2026 chart, what percentage of edge compute utilization is attributed to Other Deployments?

Real-Time Sensor Fusion

What technology combines LiDAR and RADAR information for real-time vehicle perception?

It needs immediate decisions, such as applying brakes, without dangerous delays

Why does an autonomous vehicle process data locally instead of waiting for a cloud response?

Locally on the Vehicle

In autonomous transport, where is inference performed before telemetry is synchronized later?

Vibration Analysis

What industrial application uses local digital signal processing algorithms to analyze machine vibrations?

It filters out 90% of the raw mechanical noise and sends only anomaly alerts to the cloud

What does an industrial edge node do to raw mechanical noise according to the presentation's case study?

Reduced data-transfer and ingress costs

What is the benefit of filtering industrial sensor data before sending it to the cloud?

Edge Computing in Telemedicine

What technology processes sensitive patient information on wearable health monitors to support real-time alerts and localized privacy compliance?

Containerization

What is the practice of packaging applications and their dependencies into isolated, portable environments?

K3s and microK8s

What lightweight orchestration distributions are mentioned for edge devices in the 2026 architectural trends section?

Edge nodes have limited computing and memory resources

Why does the presentation state that standard Kubernetes is too heavy for some edge nodes?

WebAssembly (Wasm)

What technology allows code to execute at near-native speed with a smaller memory footprint than Docker containers, according to the presentation?

Serverless Edge Deployment

What deployment approach uses edge devices to run lightweight workloads without requiring traditional centralized servers for every task?

Data Gravity Problem

What problem describes how large data volumes and the location of data influence where computation and storage should occur?

61%

According to the presentation, what is the projected hyperscale market share by 2030?

Approximately 46%

According to the presentation, what percentage of IT decision-makers in 2026 are adopting a hybrid-by-design strategy?

Hybrid Architecture

What architecture combines edge computing with centralized cloud infrastructure?

Edge Computing

What computing approach handles real-time inference and data filtering in a hybrid architecture?

Hyperscale Cloud Computing

What computing approach handles deep model training, global orchestration, and archival storage in a hybrid architecture?

Data Sovereignty

What is the practice of processing and anonymizing personally identifiable information on-premises before sending it to a public cloud?

Personally Identifiable Information

What does PII stand for in the security discussion?

GDPR and CCPA

What regulations are given as examples of data protection requirements supported by localized processing?

Attack Surface Expansion

What security risk increases when millions of edge devices are distributed across public spaces?

Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA)

What security approach is described as mandatory for protecting distributed edge nodes?

Zero Trust Network Access

What does ZTNA stand for?

Over-The-Air

What does OTA stand for in edge device management?

Over-The-Air (OTA) Firmware Updates

What is the process of delivering firmware updates to remote devices over a network?

Operational Complexity

What operational challenge involves managing firmware updates across thousands of different edge devices?

GitOps Pipelines

What automated approach is mentioned for managing edge-device deployments and updates?

Automated Rollback

What mechanism allows a device or deployment to return to a previous working version after a failed update?

Cloud computing processes data in centralized data centers, while edge computing processes data near its source

What is the main difference between cloud computing and edge computing in terms of processing location?

Centralized resources and economies of scale

What is the main advantage of cloud computing when handling large-scale computational workloads?

Low latency and immediate local decisions

What is the main advantage of edge computing for real-time applications?

Network failures or degraded WAN links can disrupt critical operations

What is the main disadvantage of relying entirely on cloud connectivity for critical infrastructure?

To reduce bandwidth consumption and data-transfer costs

What is the purpose of sending only significant data from edge devices to the cloud?

To support centralized monitoring, analysis, and storage without delaying immediate local decisions

What is the purpose of synchronizing edge telemetry with the cloud after local processing?

1. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service); 2. PaaS (Platform as a Service); 3. SaaS (Software as a Service)

ENUMERATION: What are the three cloud service models?

1. IaaS — AWS EC2 and Google Cloud Compute Engine; 2. PaaS — AWS EKS and Google App Engine; 3. SaaS — Salesforce, Cloudflare, and Google Workspace

ENUMERATION: What are the three examples of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS providers or services listed in the presentation?

1. Round-Trip Latency; 2. Backhaul Congestion; 3. Single Point of Failure

ENUMERATION: What are the three problems caused by the cloud latency bottleneck?

1. Edge Computing (Device Level); 2. Fog Computing (LAN Level)

ENUMERATION: What are the two computing topologies compared in the presentation?

1. MQTT; 2. CoAP

ENUMERATION: What are the two communication protocols listed for edge computing?

1. HTTP; 2. gRPC

ENUMERATION: What are the two communication protocols listed for fog computing?

1. Single-Board Computers — Raspberry Pi 5 and Odroid; 2. Neural Processing Units — NVIDIA Jetson Orin and Google Coral; 3. Industrial IoT Gateways — Cisco IR Series and Advantech

ENUMERATION: What are the three edge hardware profiles and their examples?

1. SBCs — Limited memory footprint and ARM architecture software compatibility; 2. NPUs — Thermal Design Power and heat generation; 3. Industrial IoT Gateways — Intermittent connectivity, local caching, and state synchronization

ENUMERATION: What are the main engineering constraints associated with the three edge hardware profiles?

1. Smart Manufacturing and IIoT — 35%; 2. Autonomous Transport — 25%; 3. Healthcare and Telemedicine — 20%; 4. Retail and Smart Cities — 12%; 5. Other Deployments — 8%

ENUMERATION: What are the five application categories and percentages in the 2026 edge compute utilization chart?

1. Autonomous Transport; 2. Industrial IoT (IIoT); 3. Telemedicine

ENUMERATION: What are the three engineering case studies discussed in the presentation?

1. K3s; 2. microK8s

ENUMERATION: What are the two lightweight orchestration distributions mentioned for edge computing?

1. Edge Computing — Real-Time Inference and Data Culling; 2. Hyperscale Cloud Computing — Deep Training, Global Orchestration, and Archival Storage

ENUMERATION: What are the two major architectural approaches discussed in the data gravity section?

1. Data Sovereignty; 2. Attack Surface Expansion; 3. Operational Complexity

ENUMERATION: What are the three critical security and operational trade-offs discussed in the presentation?

1. GDPR; 2. CCPA

ENUMERATION: What are the two privacy regulations mentioned in the data sovereignty discussion?

1. Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA); 2. GitOps Pipelines; 3. Automated Rollback Mechanisms

ENUMERATION: What are the three approaches or mechanisms mentioned for managing edge-device security and updates?

1. Reduced Latency; 2. Reduced Bandwidth Consumption and Costs; 3. Continued Local Decision-Making During Internet Outages

ENUMERATION: What are the three key benefits of edge computing highlighted by the presentation?

1. Deep Model Training; 2. Global Orchestration; 3. Archival Storage

ENUMERATION: What are the three major responsibilities of the cloud in the hybrid architecture described in the presentation?