special senses

1. Auricle (Pinna)

2. Helix

3. Lobule

4. External ear

5. Middle ear

6. Internal ear (labyrinth)

7. External acoustic meatus

8. Tympanic membrane

9. Pharyngotympanic membrane

Structure of the ear

1. oval window

2. entrance to mastoid antrum in the epitympanic recess

3. AUDITORY OSSICLES: Malleus (hammer

4. AUDITORY OSSICLES: Incus (anvil

5. AUDITORY OSSICLES: Stapes (stirup

6. AUDITORY OSSICLES

7. tympanic membrane

8. round window

9. semicircular canals

10. vestibule

11. vestibular nerve

12. cochlear nerve

13. cochlea

14. pharyngotympanic (auditory) nerve

Structures of the middle ear

1. scala vestibuli

2. cochlear duct

3. spiral organ

4. scala tympani

5. temporal bone around labyrinth

6. spiral ganglion

Anatomy of the

cochlea

1. helicotrema at apex

2. modiolus

3. cochlear nerve

4. spiral ganglion

5. osseous spiral lamina

6. vestibular membrane

7. cochlear duct

Anatomy of the

cochlea

1. vestibular membrane

2. tectorial membrane

3. cochlear duct

4. stria vascularis

5. spiral organ

6. basilar membrane

7. osseous spiral lamina

8. scala vestibuli

9. spiral ganglion

10. scala tympani

Anatomy of the

cochlea

A – Tectorial Membrane

B – Basilar membrane

C – Outer hair cell

D – Inner hair cell

E – Auditory nerve fiber

F – Spiral Ganglia

Histology of the spiral organ

1. macula of utricle

2. macula of saccule

3. kinocilium

4. stereocilia

5. otoliths

6. otolith membrane

7. hair cells

8. vestibular nerve fibers

9. supporting cells

10. otolith membrane

11. otoliths

12. hair cells

13. supporting cells

Structure of a macula

1. &11. ampullary cupula

2. &13. hair cells

3. & 8 & 9. crista

4. & 15. fibers of vestibular nerve

5. macula

6. ampulla of semicircular canal

7. perilymph space

8. h

9. h

10. endolymph

11. h

12. hair bundle

13. h

14. supporting cell

The crista ampullaris in the internal ear

0. axons of ganglion cells

1. ganglion cells

2. bipolar cells

3. photoreceptos rods + cones

4. nuclei of ganglion cells

5. outer segments of rods and cones

6. choroid

7. amacrine cell

8. horizontal cell

9. pigmented layer of retina

10. axons of ganglion cells

11. nuclei of bipolar cells

12. nuclei of rods and cones

13. pigmented layer of retina

Histological organization of the retina

1. olfactory tract

2. olfactory bulb

3. nasal conchae

4. route of inhaled air

The olfactory epithelium

Olfactory sensory neurons are found in the

olfactory epithelium of the superior nasal cavity.

1. olfactory tract

2. mitral cell

3. glomeruli

4. olfactory bulb

5. cribriform plate

6. olfactory gland

7. lamina propia

8. olfactory axon

9. olfactory stem cell

10. olfactory sensory neuron

11. supporting cell

12. dendrite

13. olfactory cilia

14. mucus

olfactory receptors

Together, the axons of olfactory

sensory neurons form the olfactory

nerve (CN I). They pass through

the ethmoid bone and synapse in

the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb.

The axons of mitral cells (the output

cells of the olfactory bulb) form the

olfactory tract

1. olfactory receptors and supporting cells

2. bowman gland

3. olfactory epithelium

4. bowman gland duct

5. olfactory nerve fibers

6. olfactory receptors

7. olfactory cilia

1. vallate papilla

2. taste bud

3. connetive tissue

4. taste fibers

5. gustatory hair

6. stratified squamous epithelium of tongue

7. taste pore

8. gustatory epithelial cells

9. basal epithelial cells