Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development

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Last updated 9:56 PM on 10/5/26
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32 Terms

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Fertilization

Joining of sperm and egg to form zygote.

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Zygote

Fertilized egg with 46 chromosomes total.

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Oviduct

Tube where fertilization occurs in females.

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Corona Radiata

Outer layer of egg protecting against multiple sperm.

<p>Outer layer of egg protecting against multiple sperm.</p>
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Zona Pellucida

Inner layer of egg facilitating sperm binding.

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Acrosome

Cap on sperm releasing enzymes to penetrate egg.

<p>Cap on sperm releasing enzymes to penetrate egg.</p>
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Cleavage

Rapid cell division without growth after fertilization.

<p>Rapid cell division without growth after fertilization.</p>
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Morula

16-cell stage of development before blastocyst.

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Blastocyst

Fluid-filled structure with trophoblast and inner cell mass.

<p>Fluid-filled structure with trophoblast and inner cell mass.</p>
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Implantation

Blastocyst attaches to uterine endometrium, days 5-7.

<p>Blastocyst attaches to uterine endometrium, days 5-7.</p>
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hCG

Hormone maintaining corpus luteum during early pregnancy.

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Corpus Luteum

Structure secreting hormones to maintain endometrium.

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Gastrulation

Formation of three germ layers from inner cell mass.

<p>Formation of three germ layers from inner cell mass.</p>
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Ectoderm

Outer germ layer developing into skin and nervous system.

<p>Outer germ layer developing into skin and nervous system.</p>
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Endoderm

Inner germ layer forming digestive and respiratory systems.

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Mesoderm

Middle germ layer developing into muscles and bones.

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Neurulation

Formation of notochord leading to brain and spinal cord.

<p>Formation of notochord leading to brain and spinal cord.</p>
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Notochord

Structure developing into central nervous system.

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Folic Acid

Nutrient essential for proper neural tube formation.

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Chorion

Outer membrane forming part of placenta with villi.

<p>Outer membrane forming part of placenta with villi.</p>
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Allantois

Membrane contributing to umbilical cord and blood vessels.

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Amnion

Membrane surrounding embryo, providing protection.

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Amniotic Cavity

Fluid-filled space allowing embryo growth and movement.

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Yolk Sac

Site of early blood cell production in embryo.

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Placenta

Organ facilitating nutrient and waste exchange between mother and fetus.

<p>Organ facilitating nutrient and waste exchange between mother and fetus.</p>
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Umbilical Cord

Connects fetus to placenta for nutrient transport.

<p>Connects fetus to placenta for nutrient transport.</p>
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Teratogens

Substances causing developmental abnormalities in fetus.

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Morphogenesis

Development process involving growth and differentiation.

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Trimester

Three-month period in human pregnancy.

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Parturition

Process of childbirth involving uterine contractions.

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Prostaglandins

Hormones aiding in labor contractions.

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Lactation

Milk production and release after childbirth.