Selected Topics in Health Sciences - 2nd Parcial

Comprehensive vocabulary review flashcards covering endocrine disorders, hematological diseases, cancer manifestations, dental anxiety management, and clinical considerations for pregnant patients based on Selected Topics in Health Sciences.

Chromosome 6

The chromosome where the genetic control of insulin synthesis is located.

Striated skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

The primary anatomical tissues identified for glucose uptake and storage during peripheral tissue utilization.

Low or absent C-peptide levels

A laboratory finding in the blood indicating that the pancreas is no longer producing enough insulin.

Metformin

A common first-line oral antidiabetic medication prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes and reduce insulin resistance.

Glycosuria

The condition characterized by excess blood glucose spilling into the urine once renal filtration thresholds are exceeded.

Safe INR range (Warfarin)

An INR range between $2.0$ and $3.5$ in which invasive dental and surgical procedures can be safely performed with little risk of significant bleeding.

Aspirin and other NSAIDs

Analgesics that must be strictly avoided in patients with known bleeding disorders or those receiving anticoagulant therapy.

Bleeding disorder screening panel

A preoperative battery of tests recommended for dental patients with a bleeding history, consisting of PT, PTT, TT, and platelet count.

Thrombin Time (TT)

A coagulation test that bypasses the intrinsic, extrinsic, and most of the common pathways by directly converting fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin.

Pernicious anemia

A condition categorized as a macrocytic anemia, defined by a mean corpuscular volume ($MCV > 100\,fL$).

Philadelphia solution

A therapeutic oral mixture consisting of aluminum magnesium hydroxide, lidocaine, and diphenhydramine.

Trismus stretching timeline

Muscle stretching exercises for trismus that typically initiate recovery at $4$ to $6\text{ weeks}$ following the completion of radiotherapy.

Chemoradiation-induced tooth abnormalities

Oral manifestations occurring in developing teeth exposed to radiation or chemotherapy, presenting as aplasias, dysplasias, or shape and size alterations.

Melphalan

A specific chemotherapeutic agent cited for causing hair loss as a side effect.

Solar radiation

The primary etiological factor associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the lips.

Addressing role conflicts

A behavioral approach used by dentists to help deflect inappropriate behaviors and diminish emotional intensity throughout dental procedures.

Professional role learning in children

The acquisition of behavioral expectations regarding healthcare professionals through the teachings of physicians, dentists, parents, and peers.

Stress-related oral disorders

Oral health conditions linked to stress encountered in dental practice, specifically aphthous ulcers, lichen planus, and TMJ dysfunction.

Metocarbamol / Ibuprofen

A specific analgesic and muscle relaxant combination used for pain management in stress-related dental conditions.

Anxious patient communication strategy

Providing clear procedure explanations integrated with short question-and-answer breaks to reassure the patient regarding a pain-free experience.

Complete blood count (CBC) in pregnancy

A diagnostic blood panel included in prenatal dental work-ups to assess maternal red blood cell mass and evaluate for anemia.

FDA Category B (Lidocaine)

The former pregnancy safety classification for Lidocaine (with or without epinephrine), designating it as generally safe or probably safe for use.

VDRL test

A laboratory screening test included in prenatal dental evaluation to detect serologic evidence of syphilis.

Erythromycin / Macrolides

An antibiotic class specifically classified as compatible for administration during the breastfeeding period.

Codeine and propoxyphene

Analgesic agents strongly associated with an elevated risk of congenital cleft lip and palate when taken during early pregnancy.