Yard Lec 4 Exam Neuro

Where is spinal cord termination / at what level does the adult spinal cord end.S

L1 - L2 Vertebra (ends at the conus medullaris)

Conus Medullaris ?

Tapered , Cone shaped inferior end of the spinal cord at L1-L2

Cauda Equina

“"Horsetail” leash of lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots descending below L1-L2 through the sacral foramina.

Safe Level for Lumbar Puncture / Epidural

Below L1-L2 ( in the L3-L4 or L4-L5 interspaces) to avoid hitting the spinal cord.

Denticulate Ligaments?

Triangular lateral extension of pia mater that anchor the spinal cord to the dura mater.

Filum Terminale

Thin strand of pia mater extending from the conus medullaris to the coccyx to anchor the cord vertically.

Cerebrospinal Fluid(CSF) - Locations

Brain ventricles, Central Canal of spinal cord, and sub arachnoid space.

Epidural space

Space in the spinal column between dura mater and verterbral canal filled with fat and blood vessels ( has no nerves)

Number of spinal nerves

31 pairs(8 cervical , 12 thoracic , 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal). All are mixed ( motor / sensory)

C5’s clinical rule

“C5 stay alive” because C5 innervated the diaphragm with the phrenic nerve, cord damage at or above C5 stops our breathing.

Cranial Nerve thingy to help remember

“Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brain Matter Most” ( S - Sensory , M - Motor , B - Both[sensory nd motor])

Cranial Nerve I ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Olfactory Nerve , Cribriform plate, Sensory

Cranial Nerve II ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Optic Nerve , Optic Canal , Sensory

Cranial Nerve III ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Oculomotor Nerve, Superior Orbital Fissure, Motor.

Cranial Nerve IV ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Trochlear Nerve, Superior orbital fissure, Motor

Cranial Nerve V ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Trigeminal Nerve , V1 Ophthalmic - SOF , V2 Maxillary - Foramen rotundum, V3 Mandibular = Foramen Ovale, Both/Mixed

Cranial Nerve VI ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Abducens Nerve, Superior Orbital Fissure, Motor

Cranial Nerve VII ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Facial Nerve, Internal acoustic meatus, Both

Cranial Nerve VIII ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Vestibulocochlear nerve, Internal acoustic meatus, Sensory

Cranial Nerve IX ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Glossopharyngeal nerve, Jugular foramen, Both

Cranial Nerve X ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Vagus Nerve, Jugular Foramen, Both

Cranial Nerve XI ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Spinal Accessory Nerve , Jugular foramen, Motor

Cranial Nerve XII ( Name, Foramen , Sensory Motor or Both.)

Hypoglossal nerve, Hypoglossal canal, motor

Parasympathetic Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerves III, VII,IX, and X (3,7,9, and 10)

Sympathetic ANS(Origin and Wiring)

Thoracolumbar origin ( T1 - L2)