MEDTERM EXAM 12

Female reproductive system

Produces eggs (ova), facilitates fertilization, supports

Major organs

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, breasts.

Ovaries

Produce ova and hormones (estrogen and progesterone).

Uterus

Muscular organ that houses and nourishes the fetus during pregnancy.

Vagina

Muscular canal leading from cervix to outside of the body.

Breasts (mammary glands)

Produce milk for breastfeeding.

Cervix

Lower portion of the uterus; connects uterus to vagina.

The cervix is superior to:

The vagina

The period of pregnancy is called:

Gestation

The “afterbirth” consists of:

Placenta and fetal membranes

The last stage of labor:

Expulsion of the placenta (afterbirth)

Trimesters

Pregnancy is divided into three 3-month trimesters.

Full-term pregnancy

About 40 weeks from last menstrual period.

colp/o

Vagina
Example: Colposcopy – Visual exam of the vagina

hyster/o

Uterus
Example: Hysterectomy – Surgical removal of the uterus

mast/o

Breast
Example: Mastitis – Inflammation of the breast

oophor/o

Ovary
Example: Oophorectomy – Surgical removal of an ovary

metr/o

Uterus (womb); measure
Example: Metrorrhagia – Abnormal uterine bleeding

metri/o

Uterus
Example: Endometrium – Lining of the uterus

galact/o

Milk
Example: Galactorrhea – Abnormal milk discharge

gynec/o

Woman, female
Example: Gynecology – Study of the female reproductive system

cyesis

Pregnancy
Example: Pseudocyesis – False pregnancy

para

To bear (offspring)
Example: Multipara – Woman who has given birth to more than one viable offspring

-tocia

Childbirth, labor
Example: Dystocia – Difficult labor

arche

Beginning
Example: Menarche – Beginning of menstruation

gravida

Pregnant woman
Example: Primigravida – A woman pregnant for the first time

primi

First
Example: Primipara – A woman giving birth for the first time

Dysmenorrhea

Menstrual pain and tension

Dyspareunia

Painful sexual intercourse

Endometriosis

Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.

Amenorrhea

Absence of menstruation.

Menorrhagia

Excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding.

Ovarian cyst

Fluid-filled sac on the ovary

Fibroid

Benign tumor of the uterus (also called leiomyoma).

Mastitis

Inflammation of the breast, often during breastfeeding.

Preeclampsia

Pregnancy complication with high blood pressure and protein in urine.

Ectopic pregnancy

Implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterus, often in fallopian tubes.

Prolapse

Drooping or falling of an organ (e.g., uterine prolapse)

Menopause

Permanent end of menstruation and fertility

Cesarean section (C-section)

Surgical delivery of a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus.

Where are the ovaries located?

In the

pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus

What is the biological role of mammary

glands?

Secrete milk for nourishment of the new born

What do the terms gestation and

parturition mean?

Gestation: period from

fertilization of the ovum until birth: parturition: process of giving birth

CF for ovary

oophor/o, ovari/o

CF for vagina:

colp/o, vagin/o

CF for uterus:

hyster/o,

metr/o, metri/o, uter/o

CF for cervix; cervix uteri (neck of uterus):

cervic/o

tube (fallopian or eustachian):

salping/o

CF for birth

nat/o

CF for Milk

galact/o, lact/o

CF for Women and Female

gynec/o

CF for breast:

mamm/o, mast/o

CF for menses; menstruation:

men/o

CF for perineum

perine/o

CF for amnion (amniotic sac):

amni/o

suture of the perineum

perine/o/rrhaphy

pertaining to before birth:

pre/nat/al

pregnant woman (for the) first time:

primi/gravida

pregnancy (that is) false:

pseud/o/cyesis