Chemical Bonds Vocabulary- SHMS

Vocabulary practice cards covering types of chemical bonds, ions, and valence electron rules based on lecture notes.

Chemical Bond

The force of attraction that holds two atoms together.

Covalent Bond

The attractive force between $2$ nuclei of atoms when electrons are shared; occurs between $2$ or more nonmetals.

Ionic Bond

An attraction between oppositely charged ions which occurs between a metal and a nonmetal.

Valence Electrons

Electrons on the outermost energy shell of the atom; atoms can have up to $8$ and can be found using the group number.

Ion

Charged particles caused by transferring (stealing or losing) valence electrons; they can be positively or negatively charged.

Positive Ion

Formed by metals because they give up $1$, $2$, or $3$ valence electrons, resulting in more protons (positives) than electrons (negatives).

Negative Ion

Formed by nonmetals because they stole $1$, $2$, or $3$ valence electrons, resulting in more negatives (electrons) than positives (protons).

Octet Rule

The goal of all atoms to fill their valence shell with $8$ electrons, with $H$ and $He$ being the exceptions.