Reading Vocabulary Part 1 (147-250)

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering terms 147 through 250 with their definitions based on the lecture notes.

geese

The plural form of goose, a large water bird with a long neck.

pleased

Happy or satisfied about something.

a disc jockey

A person who plays recorded music for an audience, especially on the radio or at events.

to pay bills

To pay the money owed for services such as electricity, water, internet or rent.

drive me around

To take someone to different places in a vehicle.

hole

An opening or empty space in something.

after all

Used to give a reason that supports what you are saying, or to say that something happened despite expectations.

trainers

Sports shoes, especially in British English.

sneakers

Comfortable shoes designed for walking, running or sports.

What a nasty surprise!

An expression used when something unexpected happens and causes disappointment, shock or annoyance.

What a difference!

An expression used to emphasize that a change or contrast is very noticeable.

prom

A formal school dance or celebration, especially for high school students in the United States.

to be on the lookout for

To watch carefully for someone or something because you expect to see or find it.

twigs

Small, thin branches of a tree or bush.

pebbles

Small, rounded stones, often found on beaches or beside rivers.

a fast-food advert

An advertisement promoting food that is prepared and served quickly.

inseparable

So close or connected that two people or things are rarely apart.

accompany

To go somewhere with someone, or to provide musical support for a singer or instrument.

complain

To express dissatisfaction or say that something is wrong.

encourage

To give someone support, confidence or motivation to do something.

persuade

To convince someone to do something or believe something, often through reasoning or discussion.

circus

A travelling show or performance featuring acrobats, clowns and other entertainers.

take up a hobby

To begin doing an activity regularly for enjoyment in your free time.

keen

Very interested in something, enthusiastic about an activity, or eager to do something.

respiratory

Relating to breathing or the organs involved in breathing.

enable

To make something possible or give someone the ability to do something.

oxygen

A chemical element that is essential for human and animal respiration.

voluntary

Done willingly, without being forced or required.

That is,

Used to explain something more clearly or introduce a more precise description.

conscious

Awake and aware of your surroundings, thoughts or feelings.

blowholes

Openings on the tops of the heads of whales and certain other marine mammals through which they breathe.

outstanding

Exceptionally good, impressive or noticeable; or unpaid/unresolved.

partially

To some extent, but not completely.

hemisphere

One half of a sphere; often used for either half of the Earth.

at a time

During one particular period or, in many contexts, one by one or in a specified number per turn.

novel coronavirus

A newly identified coronavirus that was not previously recognized in the same way.

transmitted from

Passed or transferred from one person, animal or place to another.

runny nose

A condition in which liquid mucus flows from the nose.

emerged

Appeared, became visible or came into existence.

a workout

A period of physical exercise or training.

blitz chess

A form of chess in which each player has very little time to make all their moves.

unpleasant jumpy feeling

An uncomfortable sensation of nervousness, restlessness or being easily startled.

miscarriages

The loss of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive independently outside the womb.

side effects

Unintended effects of a medicine, treatment or other action, which may be harmful, neutral or occasionally beneficial.

the sensible course

The most reasonable or practical action to take in a particular situation.

moderation

The practice of avoiding excess and keeping something within reasonable limits.

drowning sailors

Sailors who are in danger because they are unable to breathe while in water.

It is much more probable

Used to say that something is considerably more likely to happen or be true than another possibility.

superiority

The state of being better, more powerful or higher in quality than another person or thing.

satisfactory

Good enough to meet the required standard or expectations.

On the contrary

Used to correct a previous statement by expressing the opposite or a strongly contrasting idea.

remarkable

Unusual, impressive or worthy of attention.

a firsthand eyewitness

A person who directly saw an event happen rather than learning about it from someone else.

under construction

Being built, repaired or developed and not yet completed.

extraordinary abilities

Skills or powers that are far beyond what is usual or expected.

opaque screen

A screen or barrier that does not allow light to pass through clearly, preventing people from seeing what is behind it.

blindfold

A piece of cloth or another covering placed over the eyes to prevent someone from seeing; also, the act of covering someone's eyes.

enterprising

Showing initiative, resourcefulness and a willingness to take action to achieve something.

mining

The process of extracting valuable minerals, metals, coal or other geological materials from the earth.

minor

Small in importance, seriousness or size; it can also refer to a person who is legally below the age of adulthood.

alterations

Changes made to something, especially to improve it or make it suitable for a particular purpose.

worldwide

Extending throughout the world or involving many countries.

versatile

Able to perform many different functions or adapt to different situations.

purpose

The reason for doing something or the result that someone intends to achieve.

remains a mystery

Continues to be unknown or unexplained.

rafts and rollers

Floating platforms and cylindrical objects that can help move heavy materials or people.

settlers

People who move to a new area and establish homes or communities there.

continental

Relating to a continent or, in some contexts, to the main part of a continent rather than nearby islands.

a prominent figure

A person who is well-known or influential in a particular field or society.

lichenology

The scientific study of lichens, which are organisms formed through a close association between fungi and photosynthetic partners, such as algae.

bear his name

To have a name that honours or identifies a particular man.

chemical reagents

Substances used in chemical reactions, testing or analysis to detect, measure or produce changes.

classification

The process of organizing things into groups according to shared characteristics.

tincture of iodine

A preparation of iodine dissolved in alcohol or another suitable solvent, historically used as an antiseptic.

hypochlorite

A chemical compound containing the hypochlorite ion, used in some disinfectants and bleaching products.

spacesuit

A specially designed suit that protects astronauts and provides the conditions they need to survive in space.

stomp on

To step down heavily on something, often with force.

creepy

Strange or frightening in a way that makes someone feel uncomfortable or uneasy.

crust

A hard or firm outer layer of something, such as bread, the Earth or a wound.

spill out

To flow, fall or spread out of a container or enclosed space; also, for words or emotions to come out suddenly.

harsh

Unpleasantly severe, rough, strong or unkind.

in spite of

Used to say that something happens even though another fact might have prevented it.

aide

A person who helps another person, especially someone in an important position.

impression

An opinion or feeling that you form about someone or something, often based on limited information.

lacking

Not having enough of something or not possessing a particular quality.

through

From one side of something to the other; by means of something; or during the whole period of something.

tend to

To usually behave in a particular way or to be likely to do something.

grains

Small, hard seeds of cereal plants such as wheat, rice and corn; also, tiny individual particles of a substance.

excessive

Greater than what is reasonable, necessary or acceptable.

award

A prize or honour given to someone for an achievement; also, to officially give such a prize.

exchanging information

Sharing information by giving and receiving it between people or groups.

to be accessible

To be easy to reach, enter, use or understand.

pods

Seed containers of certain plants; also, groups or enclosed units, depending on the context.

abundance

A very large quantity or more than enough of something.

temporarily

For a limited period of time, rather than permanently.

vocalizations

Sounds produced by the voice, including speech, cries, calls and animal sounds.

rigid

Stiff and not easily bent; also, strict and unwilling to change.

interchange

To exchange things or information between people or systems; as a noun, a place where roads or transport routes connect.

calf

A young animal of certain large mammals, including cows, whales and elephants.

shallow water

Water that is not deep.