ICT Revision

Written Test Revision

What is a digital system? Give examples.

A digital system consists of hardwares and softwares. Hardwares such as laptops, smartphones, desktop and tablets. Softwares such as anti-virus, mobile apps, operating system and utilities software.

What is a system unit? Give examples.

System unit are any components within the desktop unit. Examples include hard disk, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM) and Central Processing Unit (CPU).

What is the difference between Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM)?

Random Access Memory (RAM) is used to store data in the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and is volatile memory, which means data can be lost if power is lost. Read Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile memory, which means data cannot be lost if power is lost.

What are 2 examples of output devices and their purposes?

Monitor and projector. Monitor is used to display videos, images, text and software interface. Projector is used to project video or images.

What are 2 examples of input devices and their purposes?

Keyboard and microphone. Keyboard is used to accept users input by typing on the keyboard. Microphone is used to record the user’s voice as an input.

Give 2 examples of application software and system software.

Application Software: Spreadsheet, Word Processing

System Software: Operating system, Utilities Software

What is the difference between an application software and system software?

Application software allows users to complete a certain task. System software is used to control and manage a hardware component.

What are 2 examples of System Software and their purposes?

Operating System and Utilities Software. Operating System acts as an interface between the user and hardware of a device software. Utilities Software is to manage the performance of a digital system device.

What is a network?

A network is formed when two or more devices are connected together.

There are 2 types of network. Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN).

Local Area Network (LAN) is formed when two or more devices are connected together in the same geographical area, like in the same room.

Wide Area Network (WAN) is formed when two or more devices are connected together but in different geographical area, like in a city.

What are network components?

Network components are required for networks to function.

Modem is used to connect a network to the internet by converting digital signal to analogue signal.

Switch is used to connect many devices to a network to group together devices in a building.

What is network architecture?

There are two types of network architecture.

Peer-to-peer network and Client/Server network.

Peer-to-peer network is used on small networks.

Client/Server network is used by a larger number of users.

What is network protocol?

Network Protocol allows devices on the same network to communicate with each other.

TCP/IP is an internet protocol and travels in packets.

802.11 is communicated in wireless networks and travels in frames.

What are the type of servers?

There are two types of servers.

File Server and Print Server.

File server stores data files on a device so multiple users can access them.

Print server manages print requests between computers and printers on a network.

What is a network operating system?

A network operating system manages operation of networks including manage files, print job and security updates.

What is transmission media?

Transmission media allows data to be transmitted from one device to another on a network.

For example, unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and fibre optic.

Unshielded twisted pair are twisted to reduce interference.

Fibre optic contains glass to travel data faster.

What is wired and wireless transmission?

Wired transmission uses physical cables to connect devices on a network like unshielded twisted pair and fibre optic.

Wireless transmission uses no physical cables between two devices like Bluetooth and WiFi.

What is a security threat?

Security threat occurs when a device is connected to a suspicious network.

Malware is a software that damages a device to steal data.

User error is made by a human when using a digital system or network.

What are some security measures?

Security measures are used to protect data from threats.

Usernames and passwords prevents people from gaining unauthorised access.

Education help reduce the chance of user error.

What are the examples, advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing?

Example: Software as a Service (SaaS) like Google Workspace and Microsoft 365.

Advantage: Reduce storage and power to match demanding workloads.

Disadvantage: Exposes sensitive data to potential cyberattacks.