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advantages of cytology
samples can be taken rapidly, without anaesthetic
can be used for solids and fluids
costs are reduced
disadvantages of cytology
insufficient cells harvested to get a confident diagnosis
sometimes tissue examination is needed to establish the origin of the cells
description of discrete cells
round or oval shape
well defined cytoplasmic borders
appear as individual cells
description of epithelial cells
round to polygonal to columnar shape
often grouped in tight clumps or sheets
description of mesenchyl cells
cells have spindle or stellate shape
cytoplasmic borders less well defined
cells are arranged individually or as part of a group