BIO 141 - Exam 2 quiz questions - 25, 6,7,8,9,

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37 Terms

1
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entropy of the universe

Whenever energy is transformed there is always an increase in the _____.

2
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delta G is less than zero

An endergonic reaction has all the following characteristics, except


a) 

the reaction is non-spontaneous


b) 

Delta G (Gibb's free energy) is less than zero (a negative value)


c) 

enzymes are needed to make the reaction occur in a timely manner


d) 

energy is needed to make the reaction occur


3
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thermal energy

Which of the following forms of energy is least available to accomplish cellular work?



a) 

mechanical energy

b) 

electrical energy

c) 

potential energy

d) 

light energy

e) 

thermal energy (heat)


4
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energy cant be created or destroyed

Which of the following statements best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

a) 

Energy cannot be transferred or transformed.

b) 

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

c) 

The entropy of the universe is constant.

d) 

The entropy of the universe is decreasing.


5
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G is the change in free energy

The mathematical expression for the change in free energy of a system is ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. Which of the following statements best describes a term in this equation?

a) 

ΔH is the change in entropy, the energy available to do work.

b) 

ΔS is the change in enthalpy, a measure of randomness.

c) 

T is the temperature in degrees Celsius.

d) 

ΔG is the change in free energy


6
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endergonic

Which of the following terms best describes a chemical reaction for which ΔG is positive?



a) 

spontaneous

b) 

endergonic

c) 

exergonic

d) 

enthalpic


7
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Which of the following statements best describes a system at chemical equilibrium?



a) 

The system can do no work.

b) 

The system consumes energy at a steady rate.

c) 

The system releases energy at a steady rate.

d) 

The kinetic energy of the system is zero.


8
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hydrolysis reactions are exergonic and increase entropy of the system

Which of the following statements best describes why hydrolysis reactions occur more readily in solution than dehydration reactions do?



a) 

Hydrolysis reactions increase G, or Gibbs free energy of the system.

b) 

Hydrolysis reactions are exergonic and increase entropy of the system.

c) 

Hydrolysis reactions are endergonic and increase entropy of the system.

d) 

Hydrolysis reactions are exergonic and decrease entropy of the system.


9
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ATP produces energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions

Which of the following statements best describes the central role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism?



a) 

The terminal phosphate bond is stronger than most covalent bonds in other biological macromolecules.

b) 

Hydrolysis of ATP provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions.

c) 

Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate group from ATP stores free energy that is used for cellular work.

d) 

ATP provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.



10
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the released phosphate is used to form propylated intermediates that are more reactive than the original unphosphorylated substrate

Which of the following statements best describes a primary mechanism by which the energy released in ATP hydrolysis is used directly to drive endergonic chemical reactions in a cell?

a) 

Free energy is released as heat, which speeds up the rate of endergonic reactions.

b) 

Binding of ATP to an enzyme active site converts an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction.

c) 

The released phosphate is used to form phosphorylated intermediates that are more reactive than the original unphosphorylated substrate.

d) 

The phosphate is combined with ADP to regenerate ATP.



11
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binding of substrate to the active sit changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme

Which of the following statements best describes induced fit?

a) 

Substrate binds to an allosteric site rather than to the active site of an enzyme.

b) 

Binding of an activator molecule changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme.

c) 

The conformation of the active site is determined by the tertiary or quaternary structure of the enzyme.

d) 

Binding of substrate to the active site changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme.



12
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the catalyzed reaction will have the same G as the uncatalyzed reaction

Which of the following statements best describes how addition of a catalyst will affect a chemical reaction?

a) 

The catalyzed reaction will have the same ∆G as the uncatalyzed reaction.

b) 

The catalyzed reaction will have a lower ∆G than the uncatalyzed reaction.

c) 

The catalyzed reaction will consume all of the catalyst.

d) 

The catalyzed reaction will have a higher ∆G than the uncatalyzed reaction


13
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by changing the 3-D shape of the enzyme

A change of a single amino acid at a position distant from the active site of an enzyme can alter the substrate specificity by changing the ________.

a) 

by changing the stability the enzyme

b) 

by changing the intracellular location of the enzyme

c) 

by changing the binding site for a competitive inhibitor

d) 

by changing the 3-D shape of the enzyme



14
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temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell

Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because

a) 

heat can never be used to do work.

b) 

heat does not involve a transfer of energy.

c) 

cells do not have much thermal energy; they are relatively cool.

d) 

temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell.


15
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proteins and phospholipids

Choose the best answer. Cellular membranes are made of _______________.



a) 

phospholipids only

b) 

protein only

c) 

proteins and phospholipids

d) 

cholesterol only


16
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sodium will move to the inside

If sodium is in higher concentration on the outside of a cell relative to inside the cell, which direction will sodium move if there is an open channel that allows sodium to cross the membrane.

17
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the cell becomes lysed

If an animal cell is placed into a hypotonic solution what will occur? 

a) 

cell becomes flaccid

b) 

cell becomes plasmalyzed

c) 

cell becomes lysed

d) 

cell becomes turgid


18
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passive and uses a channel

A process that used facilitated diffusion is best described by which of the following?

a) 

passive and uses a channel

b) 

passive and direct across the membrane

c) 

active and uses a channel

d) 

active and direct across the membrane


19
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rough ER, cytoplasm, mitochondria

where are ribosomes present in the cell

20
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Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.


What best describes one major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

21
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digestive enzymes

Lysosomes generally have ______________ in them.

22
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active transport

The movement of a substance across the membrane against its concentration gradient with the help of energy input is _________.

23
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facilitated diffusion

Water moves through cellular membranes by which of the following ways?

a) 

facilitated diffusion

b) 

active transport

c) 

exocytosis



24
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lamark

The first publication on evolution was written by ____________.


25
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paleontology

The study of fossils is called ______________.

26
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natural selection

What is the mechanism that Darwin described as the mechanism for  evolution?

27
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catastrophism

What term described that natural disasters led to the extinction of species?

a) 

Uniformtarisnism

b) 

Natural selection 

c) 

Catastrophism

d) 

Gradualism


28
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long pointed beak

Which of the following might be an adaptation to picking insects out of the bark of a tree?

a) 

Webbed feet

b) 

Long pointed beak

c) 

Strong claws

d) 

A string thick beak


29
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radiometric dating of fossils

Which of the following was not used as support for evolution and natural selecton during Dawrwin's time (mid 1800's)?

a) 

biogeography

b) 

gradual changes leading to geological changes in rock formation

c) 

paleontology finds

d) 

radiometric dating of fossils


30
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entropy of the universe

Whenever energy is transformed there is always an increase in the _____.

a) 

entropy of the universe

b) 

free energy of the universe

c) 

free energy of the system

d) 

enthalpy of the universe


31
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metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism

Which of the following statements best describes metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?

a) 

Metabolism uses all of an organism's resources.

b) 

Metabolism depends on a constant supply of energy from food.

c) 

Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism.

d) 

Metabolism manages the increase of entropy in an organism.


32
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catabolism

Which of the following terms most precisely identifies the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?

a) 

 catabolism (catabolic pathways)

b) 

dehydration

c) 

anabolism (anabolic pathways)

d) 

metabolism


33
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  1. cell to cell communication

  2. enzymatic activity

  3. transport across membrane


what are the functions of proteins in the membrane [3]

34
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diffusion

Oxygen travels through the membrane by ____________


35
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active transport

Transporting Na+ ions out of most cells is done through ______



36
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diffusion

Lipids can enter cells by ______________ process.



37
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site of protein synthesis

what is the main function of a ribosome