bio 2 exam 3

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46 Terms

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Auxin
growth direction
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Cytokins
make new cells
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Gibberellins
makes cells grow bigger
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ABA
cause stomata to close and stop growth
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Red light
dormant seeds grow
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Far-red light
dormant seeds stop growing
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Darwin's phototropism
light detected at tip ... bending further down shoot
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Dendrites
recieve incoming signals
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Cell Body (soma)
integrates incoming signals
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Axon
carries electrical signals away from cell body
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Sodium Potassium Pump (in/out)
K+ inside NA+ outside
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Sodium Potassium Pump Ratio
3 Na pumped out 2K pumped in
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Depolarization
Na+ enters
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Repolariation
K+ exits
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Presynaptic neuron
sends the signal/releases neurotransmitters
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Postsynaptic cell
receives neurotransmitters through receptors
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EPSP
depolarization/exites
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IPSP
repolarization/inhibits
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CNS
integrates/processes info...brain + spinal cord
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PNS
transmits info to and from CNS...cranial + spinal nerves
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Cerebrum
thinking
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Cerebellum
balance/coordination
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Brainstem
involuntary basic functions
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Hypothalamus
homeostasis
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Spinal cord
relays info
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White Matter
myelinated axons
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Gray matter
neuron cell bodies
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Hippocampus
new memories formed
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Cerebral Cortex
stores/retrieves long term memories
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Kinesin
intracellular transport through microtubules
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Dynein
cilial flagella movement + microtubules
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Myosin
actin filaments + muscle contraction
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Sarcomere
fundamental contractile unit of skeletal muscle
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Thin filamant
actin...atracted to Z discs
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Thick fillament
myosin...protein that pulls actin
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Tropomyosin
blocks myosin-binding sites when muscle is relaxed
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Troponin
blocks calcium
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Power stroke
Pi/ADP release
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Glucagon

increases blood glucose in the pancreas

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Insulin

decreases blood glucose in the pancreas

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After eating

Blood glucose rises → insulin rises → blood glucose decreases

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During Fasting

Blood glucose decreases → glucagon increases → glucose increases

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Cross Talk

the response to one signal depends on another

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amylase

activates inside the seed to convert stored starch into usable sugars that feed the growing embryo

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rhodopsin

Light-sensitive GPCR in rods, closes cation channels, and hyperpolarizes the rod.

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liver’s role

breaks down glycogen into glucose