14) IP Services

Flashcards covering Dynamic Addressing (DHCP), SLAAC, DNS fundamentals, DNS records, and network time protocols from the CompTIA Network+ N10-009 course notes.

Dynamic Addressing

A method that automates the assignment of IP addresses using DHCP to reduce configuration errors and administrative overhead.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

A network management protocol where a server dynamically assigns IP addresses and network configuration parameters to devices on an IP network.

DHCP Scope

A defined range of IP addresses that a DHCP server can assign to clients, including settings like subnet mask, gateway, and lease duration.

DHCP Reservation

A specific IP address within a scope set aside for a specific device identified by its MAC address, ensuring it receives the same IP every time.

Lease Time

The duration for which a DHCP server grants a device the right to use a specific IP address before it must be renewed.

DHCP Options

Parameters that allow a DHCP server to pass additional configuration such as DNS servers, NTP servers, and WINS servers to clients.

DHCP Relay

A network function that forwards DHCP requests from clients on one network to a DHCP server located on a different network.

Exclusion Ranges

Subsets of a DHCP scope not available for dynamic assignment, typically reserved for manual assignment to devices like printers or routers.

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)

An IPv6 feature allowing devices to generate their own IP address using router advertisements and their hardware (MAC) address without a DHCP server.

Name Resolution

The process of converting human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses understood by networking equipment.

Domain Name System (DNS)

A naming system that translates memorized domain names into the numerical IP addresses needed to locate computer services and devices.

Recursive DNS Queries

A process where a DNS server takes responsibility for retrieving data from other DNS servers on behalf of a client to provide a complete answer.

DNS Zones

Portions of the domain name space managed by a specific entity or administrator to ensure proper domain resolution.

Forward Zone

A DNS zone used to resolve domain names to IP addresses, containing records such as A, AAAA, and MX.

Reverse Zone

A DNS zone used for reverse DNS lookups to map known IP addresses back to domain names.

Authoritative DNS Zone

A zone that holds final authority over its records and provides definitive answers without needing to query other sources.

Non-Authoritative DNS Zone

A zone providing information obtained from another server, typically consisting of cached data from previous queries.

Primary DNS Zone

The main zone file where DNS records are stored and can be directly changed or managed.

Secondary DNS Zone

A read-only copy of the primary zone used for backup, redundancy, and reducing the load on the primary server.

DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)

A technology that uses digital signatures to provide authentication and integrity for DNS data, reducing risks like cache poisoning.

DNS over HTTPS (DoH)

A protocol that encrypts DNS queries by routing them through the HTTPS protocol to protect against eavesdropping.

DNS over TLS (DoT)

A protocol that enhances privacy and security by using the TLS protocol to encrypt DNS requests and responses.

Address (A) Record

A DNS record that maps a domain name to its corresponding IPv4 address.

AAAA Record

A DNS record that maps a domain name to its corresponding IPv6 address.

Canonical Name (CNAME) Record

A record that maps an alias name to the true or canonical domain name.

Mail Exchange (MX) Record

A record used to identify the mail servers responsible for receiving email on behalf of a domain.

Text (TXT) Record

A record holding text information used for domain ownership verification and email security measures like SPF and DKIM.

Nameserver (NS) Record

Identifies the authoritative DNS servers responsible for a specific domain.

Pointer (PTR) Record

A record that maps an IP address to a domain name, primarily used for reverse DNS lookups.

Hosts File

A local operating system file used to map hostnames to IP addresses, which is checked before querying external DNS servers.

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

A protocol used to synchronize computer clocks over a network to within milliseconds of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Network Time Security (NTS)

An extension of NTP that adds encryption and authentication to ensure time data exchanged between clients and servers is secure.

Precision Time Protocol (PTP)

Defined in IEEE 1588, it provides high-precision time synchronization within nanoseconds across a local area network (LAN).