copy of UNIT 2 VOCAB - WORLD STUDIES 2

Bedouin

nomatic tribes

Muhammad

the prophet of Islam, was born into the Quraysh tribe of Mecca,

Mecca

where muhammed was born

where the kaaba is located

Islams holiest city

Medina

where muhammed and his followers migrated (called Hijra

important to the muslim community

where muhammed was barried

Khadija

Muhammads wife

Kaaba

terrestrial center of Islam and Muslims make a pilgrimage to it at least once in their life

Quran

the holy book of islam

five pillars

Shahada: Belief in one god

Salat: Pray 5 times a day

Zakat: Give charity

Sawm: Fast during ramadahn

Hajj: Trip to mecca

Sharia

the body of Islamic law. rules found in the qur'an

Abu Bakar

the successor after muhammad: muhammads father in law

Caliph

succesor to the prophet

Shia

believed leadership should go to an elected, qualified individual

sunni

believed that true leadership could only stay within muhammads bloodline

Umar

second succsesser of muhammad: friend to muhammad

Uthman

third succsessor to muhammad: son in law to muhammad (member of the umayed)

Rashadin Caliphate

abu bakar and umar

Umayyad Caliphate

the foruth caliphate

Damascus

umayyad capital

Abbasid dynasty

followed and sought equality for all Muslims. (sunni)

Baghdad

Abbasid capital

Gunpoweder Empire

Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires

Ottoman Empire

capital -> instanbul,

Suleiman

Janissaries

Sunni islam

suleiman

leader of the ottoman empire during its golden age

Janissary corp

elite military made from christian boys in the ottoman empire

Safavid Empire

capital -> Esfahan

Shah Abbas

shiah islam

shah abbas

leader of the safavid empire

hinduism

a religion

Mughal Empire

Agra and Delhi

Babur

Akbar

sunni islam

Babur

the founder of the Muhgal empire

won a battle using gunpowder

Akbar

the grandson of Babur, expanded the empire, established a centralized administration, and promoted religious tolerance and cultural unity.

hinduism

a religion originated in india following 5 core beliefs

millets

a system within the ottoman empire where non-muslim religious minorities were granted legal autonomy to govern their own internal communal affairs

Taj Mahal

built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife

silk road

Connected China, India, and the Middle East. Traded goods and helped to spread culture.

calligraphy

-Considered one of the most important forms of Islamic art.

-was used to decorate mosques, buildings, manuscripts, and objects.

algebra

had lots of advances made on it by mathmeticians in arabia

Arabesque architect

Decorative designs featuring repeating plants, leaves, vines, and flowers.

Used extensively in architecture and artwork.

Often combined with calligraphy and geometric patterns.

Medical Achievments

medicine, hospitals, steralization

astronomy achievements

Improved navigation, calendars, timekeeping, and understanding of the heavens.

liturature achievements

- The House of Wisdom

-the Thousand and One Nights/ arabian nights

Shah jahan

leader of the moghul empire. he built the taj mahal for his wife

nur jahan

one of jahanguirs wives and the emperess of the moghul empire

jahangir

akabars son and a leader of the moghul empire. he is known for the chain of justice

philosophy achievments

scholars translated important works from greek, persian, and indian languages into arabic. house of wisdom