Juv Jus Chapter 5 Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, theories, and scholars from Chapter 5 Juvenile Justice study guide.

Social Reaction Theory

A theory, also commonly called labeling theory, that views deviance as a property conferred upon behavior by an audience.

Symbolic Interaction

A perspective holding that people communicate through symbols that stand for or represent something else.

Moral Entrepreneurs

According to Howard Becker, people who construct deviance by making rules whose infractions constitute deviance.

Deviance

A property conferred upon some behaviors by people who witness the behavior, or audience.

Social conflict theory

a theory oriented towards the economic and political interest of those in power

Primary Deviance

Norm violations or crimes that have very little influence on the actor and can be quickly forgotten, representing routine, mundane deviance engaged in by many young people.

Secondary Deviance

Deviance that occurs when a deviant event comes to the attention of significant others or social control agents who apply a negative label and consequences (punishment), around which the offender reorganizes his behavior and personality.

Pure Deviants

According to Becker, kids who engage in delinquency and also get caught and labeled.

Secret Deviants

According to Becker, kids who continually break rules but are able to avoid labeling.

Dramatization of Evil

The process of social typing that transforms an offender's identity from a doer of evil to an evil person.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Occurs when children conform to the negative expectations of teachers, parents, and others whose opinions are important to them, becoming the person these people perceive them to be.

Retrospective Reading

The effort to explain current misbehavior with behavior from the past so that the perception of previous behavior 'makes sense' in light of current behavior.

Degradation Ceremonies

As described by sociologist Harold Garfinkel, solemn processes in which the public identity of an offender is transformed and the targeted person is thrust outside the social mainstream.

Differential Labeling View

The view that the probability of being brought under the control of legal authority is a function of a person's race, wealth, gender, and social standing.

Reflected Appraisal

The process in which a person becomes aware of how other people see them, which then becomes a basis for self-perception.

Deinstitutionalization

The policy of substituting alternative community-based sanctions for state training schools.

Social Conflict Theory

A theory, also called critical theory, oriented toward the economic and political interests of those in power, emphasizing that those with money and power succeed in shaping the law to meet their needs and maintain their interests.

Intersectionality

An analytical framework for understanding that an individual's social and political identity combine to create different forms of discrimination and privilege.

capitalism

conditions created by an economic system in which conflict theorists view delinquency as a normal response to

The Child Savers

An influential book by Anthony Platt arguing that the real goal of the child-saving movement was to maintain order and control while preserving the existing class system.

William Julius Wilson

A sociologist who wrote about the plight of the African American community resulting from the effects of globalization.

Restorative Justice

An approach using humanistic, nonpunitive strategies to right wrongs and restore social harmony

punishment, incarceration, and deterrence

Concepts in which restorative justice would reject

Shame

The feeling experienced when an individual does not meet the standards they have set for themselves or that significant others have set for them.

public apology, compensation, and the victim’s forgiveness

Circumstances in which criminal prosecution in Japan can only proceed in

Reintegrative Shaming

Techniques used to allow offenders to understand and recognize their wrongdoing and shame themselves, which must be followed by apology, forgiveness, and repentance.

Family Group Conferencing

A process in which the offender and the victim, along with members of their support system, are brought together by a trained facilitator to discuss how they and others have been harmed by the offense and how that harm might be repaired.

Sentencing Circles

Peacemaking techniques based on Native American practices in which offenders, victims, and other community members are brought together in an effort to formulate a sanction that addresses the needs of all.