Populism

Who was a central figure in Brazilian populism during the years 1930-1945 and 1951-1954?

Getúlio Vargas

What economic approach did Getúlio Vargas emphasize during his presidency in Brazil?

Economic nationalism and state intervention

What were the authoritarian tendencies of Vargas’s regime called, operating between 1937 and 1945?

Estado Novo

What iconic title was given to Getúlio Vargas for his social reforms aimed at the poor?

Father of the Poor

Which populist leader in Argentina was known for blending nationalism, social welfare, and labor rights?

Juan Domingo Perón

What event during the 1930s created fertile ground for populist leaders like Vargas and Perón in Latin America?

The Great Depression

What characteristic defines the populism of Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil?

Right-wing populism focusing on nationalism and anti-elitism

Which crises contributed to political instability and distrust in traditional elites in Brazil?

Great Depression, military rule (1964-1985), and corruption scandals like Operation Car Wash

What has been a significant outcome of Vargas’s labor reforms in contemporary Brazil?

They remain cornerstones of Brazilian social policy.

In which countries has populism been significant according to the notes?

Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Bolivia, United States, Italy, Hungary, France, Poland, India, and the Philippines.

What is a common appeal of populism on both the left and right of the political spectrum?

Claiming to fight against 'the elite' and advocating for 'the people'.

What major system did Vargas create that played a key role in Brazil's economy?

Petrobras (oil) and Vale (mining) as state enterprises.

How did João Goulart's populism contribute to Brazil's political climate in the early 1960s?

His appeals alienated the military and elites, leading to the 1964 coup.

What significant event in U.S. history was characterized by the rise of the Populist Party in the 1890s?

Advocated for agrarian reform and opposed industrial elites.

What global trend in the 2000s sparked a resurgence of populism according to the notes?

Economic globalization and inequality.

What feature of populism highlights tensions between democracy and authoritarianism?

Populism exposes the conflict between the people's demands and elite interests.