Kant - What is enlightenment

Enlightenment

man’s emergence from his self imposed immaturity

Immaturity

inability to use one’s understanding without the guidance from another

When is immaturity self imposed

lies not in a lack of understanding but in a lack of resolve and courage to use it without the guidance from another

Why so many men remain in immaturity after nature has released them from alien guidance

laziness and cowardice

who is it easier to achieve enlightenment for

public > ind

fear of public becoming the guardian

revolution in terms of enlightenment

may overthrow autocratic oppression

can never change manner of thinking

one thing required for enlightenment

freedom to use reason publicly in all matters

freedom of the cleric

unrestricted freedom to use his own rational capacities + speak own mind.

"absolutely forbidden," even under a provisional arrangement

uniting into religious organisation

What must a monarch ensure in improvement

constant civil order

subjects should be able to pursue their own spiritual well being

"truly enlightened" prince does regarding religious matters

prescribes nothing in religious matters

enlightened head of state realizes regarding criticism of his own legislation

no danger from subjects reasoning publically

Autonomy

idea that one should think for themselves not rely on a book

Public use of reason

reason before entire world

free

Private use of reason

which person may make in a civil post or office - entrusted

may be restricted without hindering