Rangeland and Livestock Management Review

These flashcards cover livestock and wildlife considerations, rangeland management practices, prescribed burning, and agricultural economics based on the provided notes.

Cattle raising advantages

Involves lower labor requirements and reduced predator problems compared to raising sheep on rangelands equally suited for both.

Sheep production benefits

The advantage of producing two distinct products: wool and meat.

Goats economic returns

An animal type that yielded higher economic returns in areas where oaks dominate the vegetation.

Common-use grazing

A practice that increases livestock production and promotes better animal distribution, resulting in improved uniformity of range use and income diversification.

Common-use grazing risk reduction

A management benefit that reduces the risk to livestock from poisonous plants and disease.

65-day breeding season

A management strategy that results in increased weaning weights, more uniform calves, and the ability to identify low-producing cows.

Nitrate accumulators

Plants such as Sorghum, Johnsongrass, pigweed, oat hay, and alfalfa that can pose a hazard to livestock health.

Milkweeds toxicity

Plants containing resins that affect muscular and nervous tissues in livestock; they are considered toxic if consumed in large quantities.

Livestock poisoning prevention

Strategies including maintaining good forage, providing plenty of salt, avoiding placing animals on dry feed or deprived forage, and using weed control.

Habitat heterogeneity

The existence of two or more different types of habitat in an area, such as varying grass heights and litter layers within a single pasture.

Shelterbelt impact

A row of trees that can encourage wildlife like turkeys and deer but often fragments habitat and provides perches for raptors and shelter for mammalian predators.

Indirect effect of livestock grazing

The removal or trampling of vegetation that could otherwise be used as food for wildlife.

Prairie dogs benefits

Inhabitants of rangelands that can increase habitat diversity, improve soil conditions, and support other wildlife populations.

Edge effect

The meeting of two habitats that increases the availability of several vegetation types, often resulting in higher wildlife populations.

Prescribed rangeland burn elements

The three requirements for combustion: oxygen, fuel, and heat.

Prescribed burn manipulation

The element of heat can be adjusted by selecting specific burn weather conditions to reach a temperature that removes all moisture from the fuel.

Foliar spray sensitivity

Plants are most sensitive to this treatment when they are growing vigorously and their leaves are fully expanded.

Ecotone

A sharp change in vegetation along a specific line, such as the boundary where an unplanned burn ended.

Command economies

Systems where the government controls production and distribution decisions, often leading to poor product quality and poverty despite promises of equitable distribution.

Green Revolution

Farming techniques dependent on high inputs of fossil fuels for irrigation, fertilization, and transport to support a growing world population.

Free trade

An economic condition that improves human living conditions by increasing the availability of goods and services.

Operations planning

A category of budgeting for rangeland projects including road improvement, water development, and controlled burns.