Gen Chem 1 ~ Chp 6
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43 Terms
What is energy? What can it be exchanged through?
Energy is anything that has the capacity to do work.
Energy can be exchanged between objects through contact.
What are the 3 board concepts of energy?
Kinetic
Potential
Internal
What is kinetic energy and what is the formula for it?
The energy related to the objects motion.
What is the unit for energy?
Kg x m2 / s2 = Joule (J)
What does potential energy depend on? What is the formula for this?
This energy depends on the “position” (such as height) in a “field of force” (such as gravity).
What are the 2 types of potential energy?
Chemical energy (bond energy)
Electrostatic energy
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Energy may be converted from one form to another, but the total quantities of energy remain constant.
What is the total energy formula?
What is the formula for ∆U
∆U= q + w
What is thermochermistry?
The heat transfer of thermal energy
What is a system?
What you are interested in
What are the surroundings in regrades to thermochemistry?
Rest of the universe.
What are the 2 ways energy can be transferred?
As work (causes the object to move against a force)
As heat (causes an object to change temperature)
What is heat (q)?
The energy that flows in or out of the system
What is an exothermic reaction? Will the glassware feel hot or cold? Q will be what value?
When heat gets transferred from the system to the surroundings. The glassware will feel cold.
q < 0 (less than 0, q will be a negative #)
What is an endothermic reaction? Will the glassware feel hot or cold? Q will be what value?
When heat gets transferred from the surroundings to the system. The glassware will feel hot.
q > 0 (greater than 0, q will be +)
What are the 3 types of systems in thermodynamics?
Open
Closed
Isolated
What gets exchanged in an open system?
Exchange of mass and energy
What gets exchanged in a closed system?
Exchange of energy
What gets exchanged in an isolated system?
No exchange of mass or energy
State functions only depend on what? And not what?
Depend only on initial and final states of the system and not on how the change was accomplished.
Total heat of a system formula
Energy transfer as heat only: heat leaving system
Beaker of hot water
•Flow of heat continues until TH2O = Tsurr
q and D E will be “–”
Energy transfer as heat only: heat leaving surr
Beaker of cold water
•Flow of heat continues until
TH2O = Tsurr
q and DE will be “+”
Energy transfer as work only: work done by system
gas producing rxns
w and D E will be “–”
Energy transfer as work only: work done on system
External pressure on system
w and DE will be “+”
What is a extensive property?
Depends on amount of substance present
What is an intensive property?
Independent of amount present
What does enthalpy measure?
•Enthalpy measures heat content
What is the formula of enthalpy of a reaction
Standard enthalpy formation formula.
Thermo stoichiometry: grams to kj
grams → convert to mols → kj / # of mol of product
Thermo stoichiometry: kj to grams
kj → # moles of product / kj → convert to grams
What is heat capacity?
A sample of substance is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of the sample of substance one degree Celsius.
Heat formula for heat capacity
Heat capacity formula
Calculating specific heat capacity
What is the difference between the heat capacity and specific heat capacity formula?
Specific heat gives you THE MASS.
What is a calorimeter?
A device used to measure the heat absorbed or evolved during a physical or chemical change.
Calorimeter formula
Know how do to hesses law
J to kj
10-3
kj to j
103