Psych ch 7

encoding

the processing of information so that it can be stored

storage

the retention of encoded representations over time

retrieval

remembering stored information when it is needed

memory storage systems

working memory, long term, short term

working memory

An active processing system

long term memory storage

system that allows relatively permanent storage of unlimited amount of information

short term storage

a system that briefly holds a limited amount of information in awareness

dual coding

mind processes and represents information using verbal and nonverbal system

sensory storage

briefly holds a vast amount of information from the five senses

elaborative rehearsal

using working memory processes to think about how new information is related to prior knowledge

maintenance rehearsal

using working memory processes to repeat information based on how it sounds, provides only shallow encoding of information

primary effect

better memory people have for items at the beginning of the list

recency effect

better memory people have for the most recent items, the ones at the end of the list

anterograde amnesia

people lose the ability to form new memories after experiencing a brain injury

retrograde amnesia

lose the ability to access memories they had before a brain injury

episodic memory

a type of explicit memory that includes personal experiences

semantic memory

a type of explicit memory that includes knowledge about the world

implicit memory

long term storage of unconscious memories that cannot be verbally described

procedural memory

a type of implicit memory that involves motor skills and behavioral habits

prospective memory

remember to do something at some future time

retrieval cue

anything that helps a person access information in long term storage

mnemonic devic

strategies that use retrieval cues to improve access to memory

tip of tongue phenomenon

Blocking cause of interference from words that are similar in some way and that are repeatedly experienced

memory bias

changing of memories over time so that they become consistent with our current beliefs