historian oppimispäiväkirja

What is history?

History helps to understand how humans have thought and acted in different times, cultures, and environments.

Characteristics of history as a discipline?

Historical science is based on remnants of the past, i.e., sources that researchers interpret.

What types of sources are available for historical research?

1. Written sources (e.g., land books, letters, church books, newspapers). 2. Archaeological sources (e.g., rock paintings, cave paintings, graves, statues, remnants of homes, bones, weapons, tools). 3. Memory data.

What is a primary source?

Primary sources are original sources or research publications that present new information for the first time.

What is a secondary source?

A secondary source supplements a primary source, important when the original source is unavailable or not in a familiar language.

What is source criticism?

Source criticism is the assessment of the reliability of a source of information.

What does objectivity mean in historical studies?

Objectivity refers to a perspective that is independent, neutral, and universally applicable.

What is meant by the multidimensionality of history?

Multidimensionality refers to the ability to view historical events and phenomena from different perspectives.

What does historical politics refer to?

Historical politics refers to the use of history in politics, where politicians dictate how history is studied.

Why did agriculture revolutionize human existence?

Agriculture began around 10,000 BCE to improve livelihoods and was essential for the development of high cultures.

Key features of high cultures?

1. Organized governance. 2. Complex religion. 3. Division of labor and diverse professions. 4. Social classes and hierarchy. 5. Emergence of urban settlement. 6. Writing skills.

How did writing emerge and its importance?

Writing emerged in Mesopotamia and Egypt for recording grain quantities and evolved into complex notation.

Characteristics of cities in the Middle Ages?

Cities were typically irregularly shaped with a marketplace, surrounded by walls, and concentrated on one dense area.

What was the economic significance of Northern Italy during the Middle Ages?

Northern Italy dominated Mediterranean trade, transporting goods from the Middle East and Asia, leading to wealth accumulation.

What does colonialism mean?

Colonialism means the establishment of colonies, while imperialism refers to the military conquest of territories at the expense of others.

What was the impact of European expeditions on America?

European expeditions introduced new diseases to America, causing the deaths of up to 90% of the native population.

What is the triangular trade?

Triangular trade refers to the exchange where Europeans obtained slaves from Africa, plantation products from America, and shipped goods back to Africa.

What does mass production refer to?

Mass production refers to manufacturing a large number of products as quickly and cheaply as possible.

What characterizes the concept of mercantilism?

Mercantilism emphasizes wealth accumulation through trade barriers and monopolies, focusing on national economic self-sufficiency.

What does the term population growth refer to?

Population growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a population due to factors like improved healthcare and hygiene.

What did the Industrial Revolution signify?

The Industrial Revolution marks a period of significant technological advancement in production, particularly with machinery like the steam engine.