PPC Exam 2 Content

What is the brand name for empagliflozin?

Jardiance

What is the brand name for glipizide and glipizide ER?

Glucotrol and Glucotrol XL

What are the brand names (3) for insulin glargine?

Lantus, Basaglar, Toujeo

What are the brand names (2) for insulin NPH?

Humulin N, Novolin N

What is the brand name for insulin aspart?

Novolog

What is the brand name for insulin glulisine?

Apidra

What is the brand name for insulin lispro?

Humalog

What are the brand names (2) for insulin regular?

Humulin R, Novolin R

What is the brand name for liraglutide?

Victoza

What are the brand names for metformin (2) and metformin ER (1)?

Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Glumetza

What is the brand name for pioglitazone?

Actos

What is the brand name for semaglutide?

Ozempic

What is the brand name for sitagliptin?

Januvia

What is the generic name for Jardiance?

empagliflozin

What is the generic name for Glucotrol and Glucotrol XL?

glipizide and glipizide ER

What is the generic name for Lantus, Basaglar, and Toujeo?

insulin glargine

What is the generic name for Humulin N and Novolin N?

insulin NPH

What is the generic name for Novolog?

insulin aspart

What is the generic name for Apidra?

insulin glulisine

What is the generic name for Humalog?

insulin lispro

What is the generic name for Humulin R and Novolin R?

insulin regular

What is the generic name for Victoza?

liraglutide

What is the generic name for Glucophage, Glucophage XR, and Glumetza?

metformin and metformin ER

What is the generic name for Actos?

pioglitazone

What is the generic name for Ozempic?

semaglutide

What is the generic name for Januvia?

sitagliptin

What are the basal insulin drugs?

- insulin glargine (Lantus, Basaglar, Toujeo)

- insulin NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)

What are the prandial/bolus insulin drugs?

- insulin aspart (Novolog)

- insulin glulisine (Apidra)

- insulin lispro (Humalog)

- insulin regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)

What are the drug classes for empagliflozin (Jardiance)?

antidiabetic agent --> SGLT-2 (sodium glucose-cotransporter 2) inhibitor

What are the drug classes for glipizide/glipizide ER (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL)?

antidiabetic agent --> sulfonylurea

What are the drug classes for metformin/metformin ER (Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Glumetza)?

antidiabetic agent --> biguanide

What are the drug classes for pioglitazone (Actos)?

antidiabetic agent --> TZD (thiazolidinedione)

What are the drug classes for sitagliptin (Januvia)?

antidiabetic agent --> DPP-4 (depeptidyl peptidase 4) inhibitors

What are the drug classes for insulin glargine (Lantus, Basaglar, Toujeo)?

insulin --> long acting

What are the drug classes for insulin NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)?

insulin --> intermediate acting

What are the drug classes for insulin aspart (Novolog)?

insulin --> rapid acting

What are the drug classes for insulin glulisine (Apidra)?

insulin --> rapid acting

What are the drug classes for insulin lispro (Humalog)?

insulin --> rapid acting

What are the drug classes for insulin regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)?

insulin --> short acting

What are the drug classes for liraglutide (Victoza)?

antidiabetic agent --> GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonist

What are the drug classes for semaglutide (Ozempic)?

antidiabetic agent --> GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonist

What are the FDA labeled indications for empagliflozin (Jardiance)?

chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure

What are the FDA labeled indications for glipizide/glipizide ER (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL)?

type 2 diabetes mellitus

What are the FDA labeled indications for metformin/metformin ER (Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Glumetza)?

type 2 diabetes mellitus

What are the FDA labeled indications for pioglitazone (Actos)?

type 2 diabetes mellitus

What are the FDA labeled indications for sitagliptin (Januvia)?

type 2 diabetes mellitus

What are the FDA labeled indications for insulin glargine (Lantus, Basaglar, Toujeo)?

type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus

What are the FDA labeled indications for insulin NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)?

type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus

What are the FDA labeled indications for insulin aspart (Novolog)?

type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus

What are the FDA labeled indications for insulin glulisine (Apidra)?

type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus

What are the FDA labeled indications for insulin lispro (Humalog)?

type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus

What are the FDA labeled indications for insulin regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)?

type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus

What are the FDA labeled indications for liraglutide (Victoza)?

type 2 diabetes mellitus (saxenda: chronic weight management)

What are the FDA labeled indications for semaglutide (Ozempic)?

type 2 diabetes mellitus (wegovy: chronic weight management, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis)

What is the brand name for amoxicillin?

Amoxil

What is the brand name for amoxicillin/clavulanate?

Augmentin

What is the brand name for azithromycin?

Zithromax, Z-Pak

What is the brand name for cefdinir?

Omnicef

What is the brand name for cephalexin?

Keflex

What is the brand name for clindamycin?

Cleocin

What is the brand name for ciprofloxacin?

Cipro

What is the brand name for doxycycline?

Vibramycin

What is the brand name for metronidazole?

Flagyl

What is the brand name for sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim?

Bactrim, Bactrim DS

What is the brand name for fluconazole?

Diflucan

What is the generic name for Amoxil?

amoxicillin

What is the generic name for Augmentin?

amoxicillin/clavulanate

What is the generic name for Zithromax?

azithromycin

What is the generic name for Omnicef?

cefdinir

What is the generic name for Keflex?

cephalexin

What is the generic name for Cleocin?

clindamycin

What is the generic name for Cipro?

ciprofloxacin

What is the generic name for Vibramycin?

doxycycline

What is the generic name for Flagyl?

metronidazole

What is the generic name for Bactrim/Bactrim DS?

sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

What is the generic name for Diflucan?

fluconazole

What are the drug classes for amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

antibiotic --> penicillin

What are the drug classes for amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)?

antibiotic --> penicillin

What are the drug classes for azithromycin (Zithromax/Z-Pak)?

antibiotic --> macrolide

What are the drug classes for cefdinir (Omnicef)?

antibiotic --> cephalosporin (3rd generation- broad agent)

What are the drug classes for cephalexin (Keflex)?

antibiotic --> cephalosporin (1st generation- narrowly active)

What are the drug classes for ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

antibiotic --> fluoroquinolone

What are the drug classes for doxycycline (Vibramycin)?

antibiotic --> tetracycline derivative

What are the drug classes for fluconazole (Diflucan)?

antifungal agent --> azole derivative

What are the FDA indications for amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)?

- ear, nose, and throat infections

- urinary tract infections

- skin and skin structure

What are the FDA indications for amoxicillin (Amoxil)?

- ear, nose, and throat infections

- urinary tract infections

- skin and skin structure (wound)

What are the FDA indications for azithromycin (Zithromax/Z-Pak)?

- ear, nose, and throat infections (if penicillin allergy)

- community-acquired pneumonia

- skin and skin structure

- sexually transmitted infection

- prevention of MAC infection in HIV (respiratory)

What are the FDA indications for cefdinir (Omnicef)?

- ear, nose, and throat infections

- skin and skin structure

- urinary tract infections

What are the FDA indications for cephalexin (Keflex)?

- ear, nose, and throat infections

- skin and skin structure

- urinary tract infections

What are the FDA indications for clindamycin (Cleocin)?

- intra-abdominal

- skin and skin structure

What are the FDA indications for ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

- complicated UTI/pyelonephritis, chronic bacterial prostatitis

- bone/joint infections

- complicated intra-abdominal infection (with metronidazole)

What are the FDA indications for doxycycline (Vibramycin)?

- dermatologic (acne, rosacea)

- lyme disease (ticks)- may need to be on doxycycline for up to a month

What are the FDA indications for metronidazole (Flagyl)?

- anaerobic infections (intra-abdominal, skin, skin structure)

- C. difficile associated diarrhea

What are the FDA indications for sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim/Bactrim DS)?

- urinary tract infections

- acute otitis media

- treatment and prophylaxis for PCP pneumonia

- traveler's diarrhea

What are the FDA indications for fluconazole (Diflucan)?

candidiasis (vaginal, esophageal, oropharyngeal)

Normal fasting glucose lies between _____ and _____.

60 and 100

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by ____________ and inadequate or absent pancreatic ________ _________.

hyperglycemia (high blood glucose), insulin secretion

Hyperglycemia is indicated by a lab value of _______ blood glucose. It is characterized by the 3 Ps: ___________, ___________, and __________.

>300

- polyurea (frequent urination)

- polyphagia (extreme hunger)

- polydipsia (extreme thirst)

Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

- What is the difference in insulin deficiency?

- % of diabetes population for each type

- difference in when diagnosed/why diagnosed

- type 1: absolute deficiency of insulin

- type 2: relative insulin deficiency with insulin resistance

- type 1: ~5% of diabetes population

- type 2: ~95% of diabetes population

- type 1: usually diagnosed in children/young adults

- type 2: related to obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and overconsumption

What are three microvascular diabetes complications?

- retinopathy: eye damage

- neuropathy: nerve damage- tingling, burning, numbness

- nephropathy: kidney damage (diabetes is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease)