Politics (grade 9)

* means to study as hard as you can for those questions

What are governments made up of?

people and institutions put in place to run or govern a country, province territory, or community.

What is the role of governments?

to make decisions and enforce laws for the people it is responsible for

what is the purpose of governments?

to protect its citizens and provide services

What is dictatorship?

where one person, (dictator) has complete political power

How do dictators usually get in power?

they often come to power through a military takeover (also known as a coup 'd'état)

How do dictators stay in power?

power is usually maintained without the consent of the people through a one-party state where political opposition is forbidden

What does it mean for the people when they are in a dictatorship?

dictatorship generally restricts individual, civil, and political rights.

What is a Oligarchy?

an oligarchy is where political power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of people, usually rich.

an Oligarchy can also be what?

a dictatorship

why do oligarchs exercise their power?

primarily to serve their own interests

What is a democracy?

a democracy is where all citizens have access to power/ power is shared by all citizens and a majority of the population is included in political decision making. we vote for representatives to make decisions and pass laws on our behalf.

Who is the mayor of Winnipeg

Scott Gillingham

What is a representative democracy?

it is a system where citizens elect people to represent them in government and make decisions on their behalf.

can citizens choose to run for political office?

yes

fill in the blank.
the people have protected ______

rights and freedoms

what type of government does Canada have?

Canada is a federal state, a parliamentary democracy and constitutional democracy

what does a parliamentary democracy mean?

it is a democracy where the citizens elect people to represent them in the parliament and legislatures

what does a constitutional democracy mean?

it means that the monarch (King) is our head of state

How much power does the monarchy have?

their power is limited by the constitution, and the King abides by the decisions of the Canadian Government, but he continues to play an important ceremonial and symbolic role.

What is a right?

a legal privilege or entitlement that is protected.

Who has rights and freedoms?

All citizens living in a democracy

How do people get rights?

rights are usually fought for and claimed, and less often simply granted

What are examples of rights?

the right to express yourself, freedom of religion, etc

what was the first written expression of human rights law at a national level?

the Canadian Bill of Rights

When was the Canadian Bill of Rights created?

in 1960

our rights and freedoms are protected at two different degrees. What are they?

provincial and national level by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which was a part of the Constitution Act (1982)

who signed the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?

Queen Elizabeth II

How many sections are in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and define our rights as Canadians? ***

Seven sections

What are the seven sections to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms? ***

Mobility Rights, Legal rights, equality rights, official languages of Canada (French/English), Minority languages, and education rights, Fundamental Freedoms, and Democratic rights

"Monkeys Love Eating Oranges, Mangoes, Eggs, Fries, Donuts."

What are the six main freedoms we are granted?

Freedom of Expression, religion, thought, the press, peaceful assembly, and freedom of association.

(Every Rabbit Takes Pizza Parties Personally.)

If you have the freedom of expression, does that mean you can say whatever you want? explain

No, because you can’t say or do things that effect other people.

Example: swearing whenever, being rude during O’Canada, etc

What is the difference between a parliamentary democracy and a democracy?

a democracy is a broad type of government, where as a parliamentary democracy is one specific way of organizing a democracy

What are elections?

the process of selecting representatives on your behalf for your city, province, town, or country

What are the requirements to vote in Canada?

every Canadian citizen, 18 years and older, has the right to vote in a Canadian election and be a candidate in a Canadian election

How often is the government required to hold an election?

every 5 years

What is universal sufferage?

it is the extension of the right to vote to all adult citizens

The right to vote has been fought for by various groups throughout the history. Who was the first group of people allowed to vote?

only White men who owned property

After much champagning from both men and women, women received the right to vote federally in what year?

1918

When did the rest of the limitations for various ethnic and religious groups get removed and gave the people the right to vote?

1960

What is a responsibility?

it is a duty or obligation

why should you show responsibility?

to show that you respect your rights.

What is an example of responsibility?

Your right to education comes with the responsibility to show up to school prepared, to act in an appropriate manner, and be on time.

How much money is spent for each kid each school year?

23k-30k

how much does it cost for all the kids in Garden City Collegiate each year?

32 million dollars

how much is spent on each child’s education from grades 1-12?

276k dollars

What is the responsibility in a democracy?

it is the responsibility of all Canadians to respect and abide by the rules set out by the Constitution in order to benefit from their protected rights.

What responsibility comes with the right to vote?

to make an informed decision

What is a federal state?

a federal state brings together a number of different political communities with central government (federal) for national matters and separate local governments (Provincial/ territorial) for local affairs

What are the three levels of government?

federal, provincial/territorial, local/municipal, and first nations, metis, and Inuit government.

Each level has its own arrangement of elected and appointed officials as well as a unique set of responsibilities.

What are the three branches of government? ***

Legislative Branch, Executive branch, and Judicial branch

What does the Executive Branch do? ***

They are responsible for the government operations and implementing and enforcing laws and regulations. Includes the King’s representative, (the governor general) and cabinet ministers (appointed by the Prime Minister)

What is a governor general?

In Canada, the Governor General is the King's representative and carries out the King's official duties in the country. Our current and 30th governor general is Mary Simon. (since 2021)

What are cabinet ministers?

Cabinet ministers are elected Members of Parliament (MPs) who are chosen by the Prime Minister to lead different departments of the Canadian federal government. there are usually around 30 at a time.

What does the Legislative Branch do?

they create laws, rules, and regulations under federal jurisdiction. the legislative branch is made up of federal elected representatives called Members of Parliament. (MP)

What does federal jurisdiction mean? (not needed probably)

Federal jurisdiction means the areas of government that the federal government of Canada (the national government) has the authority and responsibility to make laws about.

What is the Judicial Branch do?

they interpret the law and determine the penalty for those who violate established laws, rules, and regulations. Includes the Canadian court system, which is headed by the Supreme Court and nine appointed judges.

What is an elected representative at the Canadian federal level called?

a Member of Parliament (MP)

What is a federal legislative body?

a national group of elected and sometimes appointed, representatives responsible for making, debating, and passing laws. MPs are the individual people who work inside it.

What is the primary role of the federal legislative body?

to create or enact laws

How many (MPs) are elected to the federal legislative body?

343

Where do MPs debate and pass laws?

in the House of Commons located in Ottawa

What is the leader of the government called?

the prime minister

who is the King represented by?

the governor general

What are the elected representatives called for provincial/ territorial governments?

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA)

Where do MLAs debate and pass laws?

at provincial or territorial legislatures.

What is the name of the leaders for each provincial/territorial government?

premiers

who is Manitoba’s current premier?

Wab Kinew

what is some information of Wab Kinew in case its a bonus question?

• Party: New Democratic Party (NDP)

• Became Premier: October 18, 2023

• Province: Manitoba

• Status: 25th Premier of Manitoba

• Wab Kinew is Anishinaabe (Ojibwe), an Indigenous person.

in provinces and territories, the King is represented by who?

lieutenant governors and territorial commissioners.

how many lieutenant governors are there in Canada?

10, one for each province.

how many territorial commissioners are there in Canada?

3, one for each territory

What is the elected representative at the municipal/local level called?

a council or alderman

the head of the council at a municipal/local level is called what?

a mayor(city), reeve (bigger town), or chairperson (really small town)

What determines the size and structure of a municipal/local council in Canada?

the population it represents

what is the number of elected members in Manitoba for the MLA?

57 members

What is the definition of the principle of subsidiarity in the context of Canadian government?

the idea is that the level of government closest to a particular issue should be the one to govern and manage it.

What is in Section 91-95 in the Constitution Act?

specific responsibilities of the federal and provincial governments are outlined.

From where do municipal/local governments receive their legal power and authority?

from their respective province or territory (not directly from the federal government).

What are the three groups of division of responsibility?******

federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal/local

What are the responsibilities for the federal government? ***********

justice, citizenship, and immigration, foreign affairs, national defense, currency, public safety, fisheries, and oceans,

(Jolly Cats Invite Friendly Neighbours Carrying Purple Fish Outside)

What are the responsibilities for the provincial/territorial governments? **********

education, health care delivery, social welfare, environment, energy, transportation, and highways.

(SWEETHE) HEALTH CARE DELIEVERY

Elephants Hate Silly Elephants Eating Tasty Hamburgers.

What are the responsibilities for the municipal/local governments?

road maintenance, water and sewer services, recreation and community facilities, libraries, police and fire protection services.

(Really Weird Snakes Ride Crazy Little Purple Firetrucks)

What is the order of the Canadian Political Spectrum from left to right? (from thinking of giving to people who need it only to giving it to the rich to get richer) *******

New Democratic Party (NDP), Green Party, Liberals, Conservatives, United Party of Canada, People Party of Canada (PPC)

Who sits near the middle in the Canadian Political Spectrum? ***

Liberals and Conservatives

What is the colour for each party is Canada?

Political party	Colour
New Democratic Party (NDP)	🟠 Orange
Green Party	🟢 Green
Liberal Party	🔴 Red
Conservative Party	🔵 Dark blue
United Party of Canada	🔵 Navy blue
People's Party of Canada (PPC)	🟣 Purple