cranial nerves

Olfactory Nerve (I)

Responsible for the sense of smell.

Optic Nerve (II)

Responsible for vision.

Oculomotor Nerve (III)

Controls eye movements, pupil size, and lens shape.

Trochlear Nerve (IV)

Controls the superior oblique muscle, which is involved in eye movement.

Trigeminal Nerve (V)

Responsible for facial sensation and motor functions such as biting and chewing.

Abducens Nerve (VI)

Controls the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye.

Facial Nerve (VII)

Controls muscles of facial expression, taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and some gland functions.

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)

Responsible for hearing and balance.

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

Involved in taste from the posterior one-third of the tongue and some functions of the salivary glands.

Vagus Nerve (X)

Controls functions of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.

Accessory Nerve (XI)

Controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, involved in head movement.

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

Controls tongue movements.