Ecology Unit 2 Problem Sets

Which of the following will select for decreased longevity in a species? (i.e. more investment in reproduction rather than 'repair mechanisms')

a. Low rates of mutualisms

b. Low rates of disease

c. High rates of predation

d. Large body size

High rates of predation

Which of the following are not typically associated with a "slow" life history strategy?

 

a. Small body size

b. Low fecundity

c. Long life spans

d. High parental care

Small body size

Which is an example of an iteroparous organism?

 

a. Dog

b. 130 year bamboo

c. Salmon

d. Agave

Dog

Which of the four components of life history does not involve reproduction in some way?

 

a. Longevity

b. Fecundity

c. Parity

d. Maturity

Longevity

Of the plant life-history strategies defined in "Grime's Triangle", which is adapted to high levels of disturbance (i.e. lots of fires or hurricanes) but low levels of stress (i.e. good growing conditions)?

 

a. Clathrates

b. Ruderals

c. Competitors

d. Stress-tolerators

Ruderals

If an individual plant has a perfect flower whose pollen ends up on its own stigma and leads to production of seeds, what form of reproduction is this?

a. Vegetative reproduction

b. Selfing

c. Cloning

d. Asexual reproduction

Selfing

In an effect termed the 'cost of meiosis', a female that reproduces sexually will have what sort of fitness relative to a female that reproduces asexually?

 

a. One-third the fitness

b. Half the fitness

c. Equal fitness

d. Double the fitness

Half the fitness

A single plant that has some flowers that only produce pollen and others that only have stigmas (females) is termed:

 

a. Dioecious

b. Monoecious

c. Perfect

d. Trioecious

Monoecious

Which mating system is most common in birds?

 

a. Monogamy

b. Polygamy

c. Selfing

d. Promiscuity

Monogamy

If you take a leaf from a banana plant and use it to grow a new plant, this is termed:

 

a. vegetative reproduction

b. monoecious

c. selfing

d. sexual reproduction

vegetative reproduction

Which of the following plant types would you expect to have the highest rate of selfing?

 

a. A heterostylous species

b. A self-incompatible species

c. A monoecious species

d. A dioecious species

A monoecious species

Which of the following stages of sexual reproduction involve going from haploid to diploid cells?

 

a. fertilization

b. meiosis

c. mitosis

d. sperm production

fertilization

Individuals of a species of parrotfish all start life as females, but if they grow large enough and are able to establish dominance over other fish in the group, they switch to male.  This is termed:

 

a. unisexual

b. simultaneous hermaphroditism

c. heterostyly

d. sequential hermaphroditism

sequential hermaphroditism

Which of the following does not bring new genetic variation into a population?

 

a. Mutation

b. Genetic drift

c. Migration

d. Hybridization

Genetic drift

When a region of a few base pairs (DNA letters) is repeated multiple times in a row, and varies widely between individuals, what is this termed?

 

a. Silent mutation

b. Deletion

c. Insertion

d. Microsatellite

Microsatellite

The North American species of wolves and coyotes represent a good example of what?

 

a. A founder event

b. Hybridization

c. Mutation

d. A genetic bottleneck

Hybridization

The cheetahs native to Africa represent a good example of what?

 

a. A genetic bottleneck

b. Hybridization

c. Mutation

d. A founder event

A genetic bottleneck

Which of the following human populations present limited or no evidence of Neanderthal DNA?

 

a. South American

b. African

c. Australian

d. Eurasian

African

You want to estimate the number of individuals of iguanas on an island. You capture and mark 50 of them on one day. You return and capture 50 again the following day, 25 of which are marked. What is your estimate for the total size of the population?

 

a. 100

b. 161

c. 75

d. 136

100

Total Population (N) = (M x C)/R

A species which is only found in one specific area is termed:

 

a. An introduced species

b. A native species

c. An invasive species

d. An endemic species

An endemic species

A species that occurs outside of its typical range, but which is not negatively affecting the local ecosystem, is termed:

 

a. A native species

b. An introduced species

c. An endemicspecies

d. An invasive species

An introduced species

Which of the following factors does not affect the realized niche?

 

a. Predators

b. Abiotic factors

c. Mutualists

d. Dispersal ability

Dispersal ability

Which of the following contributes towards the fundamental niche?

 

a. Competitors

b. Dispersal ability

c. Mutualists

d. Rainfall

Rainfall