History of Art: Most Famous Works from Prehistory to Neoclassicism

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the major chronological art history catalog entries from Prehistory, Antiquity, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Mannerism, Baroque, and Rococo through early Neoclassicism.

Wenus z Willendorfu (Venus of Willendorf)

Paleolithic female figurine from prehistoric Stone Age (Prehistoria, Epoka Kamienia: Paleolit), dated to approximately 24000–22000 BCE (ok. 24000-22000 p.n.e.).

Jaskinia w Lascaux: Malowidła naskalne z Sali Byków (Lascaux Cave)

Cave paintings from the Hall of the Bulls located in France, created during the prehistoric Paleolithic era (Prehistoria, Epoka Kamienia: Paleolit), dated to approximately 17000–15000 BCE (ok. 17000-15000 p.n.e.).

Ziggurat w Ur (Ziggurat of Ur)

Monumental stepped temple tower from Sumer, Mesopotamia (Mezopotamia, Sumer), dated to the 3rd millennium BCE, approximately 2100 BCE (III tysiąclecie p.n.e., ok. 2100 p.n.e.).

Brama Isztar (Ishtar Gate)

Monumental glazed-brick gate from Babylonia, Mesopotamia (Mezopotamia, Babilonia), dated to the 6th century BCE (VI w. p.n.e.).

Kompleks piramid w Gizie: Mykerinosa, Chefrena i Cheopsa (Pyramids of Giza)

Ancient Egyptian funerary pyramid complex from the Old Kingdom (Starożytny Egipt, Stare Państwo), built around the middle of the 3rd millennium BCE (ok. poł. III tysiąclecia p.n.e.).

Popiersie Nefretete (Bust of Nefertiti)

Painted limestone bust attributed to the sculptor Totmes (Thutmose) from New Kingdom Ancient Egypt (Starożytny Egipt, Nowe Państwo), dated to the 2nd millennium BCE (II tysiąclecie p.n.e.).

Pałac w Knossos (Palace of Knossos)

Complex Aegean Minoan (Cretan) palace structure (Sztuka egejska minojska / kreteńska), dated to the 2nd millennium BCE (II tysiąclecie p.n.e.).

Lwia Brama w Mykenach (Lion Gate at Mycenae)

Monumental bastion entrance relief gate of Aegean Mycenaean art (Sztuka egejska mykeńska), dated to the 2nd millennium BCE (II tysiąclecie p.n.e.).

Partenon na akropolu w Atenach (Parthenon)

Doric temple on the Athenian Acropolis designed by architects Iktinos and Kallikrates (Iktinos i Kallikrates) during Classical Ancient Greece (Starożytna Grecja, okres klasyczny), dated to the 5th century BCE (V w. p.n.e.).

Doryforos (Spear-Bearer)

Classical Greek sculpture created by Poliklet (Polykleitos) demonstrating the canon of human proportions, dated to the 5th century BCE (V w. p.n.e.).

Wenus z Milo (Aphrodite of Milos)

Hellenistic ancient Greek marble statue representing Aphrodite (Starożytna Grecja, okres hellenistyczny), dated to the 2nd century BCE (II w. p.n.e.).

Sarkofag małżonków z Caere / Cerveteri (Sarcophagus of the Spouses)

Terracotta funerary monument depicting a reclining married couple, representative of Etruscan art (Sztuka etruska), dated to the 6th century BCE (VI w. p.n.e.).

Koloseum / Amfiteatr Flawiuszów w Rzymie (Colosseum)

Monumental stone and concrete amphitheatre in Rome from Ancient Rome (Starożytny Rzym), dated to the 1st century CE (I w. n.e.).

Panteon w Rzymie (Pantheon)

Ancient Roman circular domed temple associated with architect Apollodoros z Damaszku (Apollodorus of Damascus), dated to the 2nd century CE (II w. n.e.).

Posąg konny Marka Aureliusza (Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius)

Ancient Roman bronze equestrian monument depicting Emperor Marcus Aurelius (Starożytny Rzym), dated to the 2nd century CE (II w. n.e.).

Wczesnochrześcijańska bazylika św. Piotra w Rzymie (Old St. Peter's Basilica)

Early Christian basilical church in Rome (Sztuka wczesnochrześcijańska) featuring a propylaea, atrium, narthex, nave, aisles, transept, and apse, dated to the 4th century CE (IV w. n.e.).

Orszak Justyniana (Justinian and His Retinue)

Byzantine mosaic in the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna (kościoła San Vitale w Rawennie) portraying Emperor Justinian and clergy, dated to the 6th century CE (VI w. n.e.).

Kościół Hagia Sophia / Kościół Mądrości Bożej w Konstantynopolu

Masterpiece of Byzantine architecture (Sztuka bizantyjska) in Constantinople designed by Anthemios z Tralles and Izydor z Miletu, dated to the 6th century CE (VI w. n.e.).

Kaplica pałacowa Karola Wielkiego w Akwizgranie (Palatine Chapel in Aachen)

Octagonal central-plan Carolingian Pre-Romanesque chapel (Sztuka przedromańska karolińska) commissioned by Charlemagne, dated to the turn of the 8th and 9th centuries, 786–804 (przełom VIII i IX wieku (786-804)).

Kościół św. Michała w Hildesheim (St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim)

Ottonian Pre-Romanesque double-choir basilica (Sztuka przedromańska ottońska), built during the first half of the 11th century, 1010–1033 (1 poł. XI wieku (1010-1033)).

Drzwi Gnieźnieńskie (Gniezno Doors)

Cast bronze Romanesque portal doors located at the Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Gniezno (Bazylika Wniebowzięcia NMP w Gnieźnie), dated to the second half of the 12th century (2 poł. XII wieku).

Zespół budowli w Pizie (Pisa Architectural Complex)

Romanesque ensemble (Sztuka romańska) comprising a baptistery (baptysterium), cathedral (katedra), and campanile freestanding bell tower (campanilla), constructed between the 11th and 14th centuries (XI-XIV wiek).

Katedra Notre Dame w Paryżu (Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris)

Major French Gothic cathedral (Sztuka gotycka) characterized by its twin-towered west facade and flying buttresses, constructed between the 12th and 14th centuries (XII-XIV w.).

Bracia Limbourg: Kalendarz z Bardzo Bogatych Godzinek Księcia de Berry

Gothic illuminated manuscript calendar by the Limbourg brothers for the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, dated to the first half of the 15th century (1 poł. XV w.), including the February (luty) winter scene.

Wit Stwosz: Ołtarz Mariacki (Veit Stoss: St. Mary's Altar)

Carved wooden high altarpiece by Wit Stwosz in St. Mary's Basilica in Kraków (Kościół Mariacki w Krakowie), representative of late Gothic art (Sztuka gotycka), dated to the second half of the 15th century (2 poł. XV w.).

Giotto: Opłakiwanie Chrystusa (Lamentation of Christ)

Proto-Renaissance fresco by Giotto located in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua (Kaplica Scrovegnich w Padwie), dating between the Gothic and Renaissance eras to 1303–1306 (1 poł. XIV w. (1303-1306)).

Jan van Eyck: Małżeństwo Arnolfinich (Arnolfini Portrait)

Early Netherlandish oil painting bridging Gothic and Renaissance styles (Między gotykiem a renesansem / Malarstwo niderlandzkie XV wieku), dated to the first half of the 15th century (1 poł. XV w.).

Hieronim Bosch: Ogród rozkoszy ziemskich (The Garden of Earthly Delights)

Complex Netherlandish triptych painting by Hieronymus Bosch at the boundary between Gothic and Renaissance (przełom XV/XVI wieku), dated to around 1500 (ok. 1500).

Filippo Brunelleschi: Szpital Niewiniątek (Ospedale degli Innocenti)

Foundling hospital loggia in Florence designed by Filippo Brunelleschi, exemplifying Early Renaissance architecture (Wczesny renesans), built 1419–1424 (1 poł. XV w.).

Donatello: Dawid (David)

Free-standing bronze nude statue created by Donatello in Florence, representing Early Renaissance sculpture (Wczesny renesans), dated to 1430–1433 (1 poł. XV w.).

Masaccio: Święta Trójca (Holy Trinity)

Early Renaissance linear-perspective fresco by Masaccio in the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence (Santa Maria Novella we Florencji), painted 1426–1427 (1 poł. XV w.).

Sandro Botticelli: Narodziny Wenus (The Birth of Venus)

Early Renaissance tempera painting by Sandro Botticelli (Wczesny renesans), executed in the second half of the 15th century, around 1485 (ok. 1485).

Donato Bramante: Tempietto

High Renaissance circular commemorative tomb chapel built by Donato Bramante in the courtyard of San Pietro in Montorio in Rome, dated to 1502 (1 poł. XVI w.).

Andrea Palladio: Villa Rotonda

High Renaissance symmetrical villa designed by Andrea Palladio near Vicenza (k/Vincenzy), constructed during the second half of the 16th century, 1570–1591 (2 poł. XVI w.).

Michał Anioł: Pieta watykańska (Vatican Pietà)

High Renaissance marble sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Christ, carved by Michelangelo (Michał Anioł) at the end of the 15th century, in 1498 (koniec XV w.).

Michał Anioł: Sąd Ostateczny (The Last Judgment)

Monumental fresco by Michelangelo (Michał Anioł) located in the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican Palace in Rome/Vatican (Kaplica Sykstyńska w Pałacu Watykańskim), dated in the source notes to 1503–1506 (1 poł. XVI w.).

Leonardo da Vinci: Ostatnia Wieczerza (The Last Supper)

High Renaissance mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci at the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, executed at the end of the 15th century, 1495–1498 (koniec XV w.).

Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa (Gioconda)

High Renaissance portrait of Lisa Gherardini by Leonardo da Vinci, painted in the first half of the 16th century, 1503–1506 (1 poł. XVI w.).

Rafael Santi: Szkoła Ateńska (The School of Athens)

High Renaissance fresco by Raphael (Rafael Santi) in the Papal Apartments / Vatican Stanze (Stanze Watykańskie) within the Vatican Palace, painted 1509–1511 (1 poł. XVI w.).

Tycjan: Wenus z Urbino (Venus of Urbino)

High Renaissance reclining nude painting by Titian (Tycjan) of the Venetian School (Szkoła Wenecka), executed in the first half of the 16th century, in 1538 (1 poł. XVI w.).

Albrecht Dürer: Czterech jeźdźców Apokalipsy (Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse)

High Renaissance woodcut print (drzeworyt) executed by Albrecht Dürer at the end of the 15th century, in 1498 (koniec XV w.).

Hans Holbein: Ambasadorowie (The Ambassadors)

High Renaissance double portrait featuring an anamorphic skull painted by Hans Holbein in the first half of the 16th century, in 1533 (1 poł. XVI w.).

Bartolomeo Berrecci: Kaplica Zygmuntowska (Sigismund's Chapel)

Renaissance domed burial chapel attached to Wawel Cathedral in Kraków (przy Katedrze Wawelskiej w Krakowie), designed by Bartolomeo Berrecci and constructed 1519–1533 (1 poł. XVI w.).

Giambologna: Porwanie Sabinek (Rape of the Sabine Women)

Mannerist (Manieryzm) marble sculpture displaying a complex figura serpentinata by Giambologna, dated to 1575 in the second half of the 16th century (2 poł. XVI w.).

El Greco: Pogrzeb hrabiego Orgaza (The Burial of the Count of Orgaz)

Mannerist painting (Manieryzm) by El Greco depicting the miraculous burial of Don Gonzalo Ruíz, created during the second half of the 16th century, 1586–1588 (2 poł. XVI w.).

Jacopo da Vignola, Giacomo della Porta: Kościół Il Gesù w Rzymie

Baroque mother church of the Society of Jesus in Rome with facade by Giacomo della Porta and design by Jacopo da Vignola, constructed 1568–1584 (2 poł. XVI w.).

Caravaggio: Powołanie św. Mateusza (The Calling of Saint Matthew)

Baroque tenebrist painting by Caravaggio in the Church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome (San Luigi dei Francesi w Rzymie), dated to 1598–1600 (przełom XVI i XVII w.).

Gianlorenzo Bernini: Ekstaza św. Teresy (Ecstasy of Saint Teresa)

High Baroque marble sculpture group by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in the Cornaro Chapel of Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome, executed 1647–1652 (połowa XVII w.).

Louis Le Vau, Jules Hardouin-Mansart: Pałac królewski w Wersalu (Versailles)

Grand French Baroque royal palace complex designed by Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart with decorations by Charles Le Brun and André Le Nôtre, from the second half of the 17th century (2 poł. XVII w.).

Diego Velázquez: Las Meninas / Panny dworskie

Spanish Baroque complex group portrait by Diego Velázquez depicting the Infanta Margarita Teresa and court members, painted in 1656 during the second half of the 17th century (2 poł. XVII w.).

Peter Paul Rubens: Porwanie córek Leukippa (Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus)

Flemish Baroque mythological painting created by Peter Paul Rubens in the first half of the 17th century, in 1618 (1 poł. XVII w.).

Jan Vermeer: Czytająca list (Girl Reading a Letter at an Open Window)

Dutch Baroque genre interior painting by Johannes Vermeer, executed in the second half of the 17th century, in 1657 (2 poł. XVII w.).

Rembrandt: Lekcja anatomii doktora Tulpa (The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp)

Dutch Baroque group portrait and anatomy demonstration painted by Rembrandt van Rijn in the first half of the 17th century, in 1632 (1 poł. XVII w.).

Portret trumienny Stanisława Woyszy (Coffin Portrait of Stanisław Woysza)

Sarmatian Baroque hexagonal funeral coffin portrait from Poland, dating to the second half of the 17th century, circa 1677 (ok. 1677).

Jean-Honoré Fragonard: Huśtawka (The Swing)

French Rococo (Rokoko) pastel-toned painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, painted in the second half of the 18th century, in 1767 (2 poł. XVIII w.).

Thomas Gainsborough: Państwo Andrews (Mr and Mrs Andrews)

Rococo double portrait and landscape painting by Thomas Gainsborough of the English School (Rokoko / Szkoła Angielska), dated to the middle of the 18th century, circa 1750 (ok. 1750).

Jacques-Germain Soufflot

Leading French Neoclassical architect, introduced at entry 57, best known for designing the Church of Sainte-Geneviève (the Panthéon) in Paris.