D686 Process/Memory/Storage/Protection & Security Vocab

Process Management Chpt. 3, 4, 5, 11; Memory Management Chpt. 7, 8, 9, 14; Storage Management Chpt. 10, 12, 13, 15; Protection & Security Chpt. 6, 16 Complete vocabulary. ***really have of 1112 terms because some terms are listed twice. I just copied and past from ZyBooks Vocabulary "View content exploer" at the top near the search bar in ZyBooks.*** Know Vocab and also concepts, for example mounting instructions, STREAMS, NFTS and EXT2/3/4, etc. BUT KNOWING VOCAB IT WHAT HELPS!!!!

3. Processes

3.3 Process concept

process / jobs / user programs / tasks / processes / program counter / Text section / Data section / Heap section / Stack section / activation record / executable file / state / process control block / task control block / thread

process / process

Process

A program loaded into memory and executing.

job

Job

A set of commands or processes executed by a batch system.

user programs

User programs

User-level programs, as opposed to system programs.

task

Task

A process, a thread activity, or, generally, a unit of computation on a computer.

Program counter

A CPU register indicating the main memory location of the next instruction to load and execute.

text section

Text section

The executable code of a program or process.

data section

Data section

The data part of a program or process; it contains global variables.

heap section

Heap section

The section of process memory that is dynamically allocated during process run time; it stores temporary variables.

stack section

Stack section

The section of process memory that contains the stack; it contains activation records and other temporary data.

activation record

Activation record

A record created when a function or subroutine is called; added to the stack by the call and removed when the call returns. Contains function parameters, local variables, and the return address.

executable file

Executable file

A file containing a program that is ready to be loaded into memory and executed.

state

State

The condition of a process, including its current activity as well as its associated memory and disk contents.

process control block

Process control block

A per-process kernel data structure containing many pieces of information associated with the process.

task control block

Task control block

A per-process kernel data structure containing many pieces of information associated with the process.

thread

Thread

A process control structure that is an execution location. A process with a single thread executes only one task at a time, while a multithreaded process can execute a task per thread.

3.4 Process scheduling

process scheduler / degree of multiprogramming / I/O-bound process / CPU-bound process / ready queue / wait queue / queueing diagram / dispatched / CPU scheduler / swapping / context / state save / state restore / context switch / foreground / background / split-screen / service

process scheduler

Process scheduler

A scheduler that selects an available process (possibly from a set of several processes) for execution on a CPU.

degree of multiprogramming

Degree of multiprogramming

The number of processes in memory.

parent

Parent

In a tree data structure, a node that has one or more nodes connected below it.

children

Children

In a tree data structure, nodes connected below another node.

siblings

Siblings

In a tree data structure, child nodes of the same parent.

I/O-bound process

I/O-bound process

A process that spends more of its time doing I/O than doing computations.

CPU-bound process

CPU-bound process

A process that spends more time executing on CPU than it does performing I/O.

ready queue

Ready queue

The set of processes ready and waiting to execute.

wait queue

Wait queue

In process scheduling, a queue holding processes waiting for an event to occur before they need to be put on CPU.

dispatched

Dispatched

Selected by the process scheduler to be executed next.

CPU scheduler

CPU scheduler

Kernel routine that selects a thread from the threads that are ready to execute and allocates a core to that thread.

swapping

Swapping

Moving a process between main memory and a backing store. A process may be swapped out to free main memory temporarily and then swapped back in to continue execution.

context

Context

When describing a process, the state of its execution, including the contents of registers, its program counter, and its memory context, including its stack and heap.

state save

State save

Copying a process's context to save its state in order to pause its execution in preparation for putting another process on the CPU.

state restore

State restore

Copying a process's context from its saved location to the CPU registers in preparation for continuing the process's execution.

context switch

Context switch

The switching of the CPU from one process or thread to another; requires performing a state save of the current process or thread and a state restore of the other.

foreground

Foreground

Describes a process or thread that is interactive (has input directed to it), such as a window currently selected as active or a terminal window currently selected to receive input.

background

Background

Describes a process or thread that is not currently interactive (has no interactive input directed to it), such as one not currently being used by a user. In the Grand Central Dispatch Apple OS scheduler, the scheduling class representing tasks that are not time sensitive and are not visible to the user.

split-screen

Split-screen

Running multiple foreground processes (e.g., on an iPad) but splitting the screen among the processes.

service

Service

A software entity running on one or more machines and providing a particular type of function to calling clients. In Android, an application component with no user interface; it runs in the background while executing long-running operations or performing work for remote processes.

3.5 Operations on processes

tree / process identifier / System V init / cascading termination / zombie / orphans

tree

Tree

A data structure that can be used to represent data hierarchically; data values in a tree structure are linked through parent-child relationships.

process identifier (pid)

Process identifier (pid)

A unique value for each process in the system that can be used as an index to access various attributes of a process within the kernel.

cascading termination

Cascading termination

A technique in which, when a process is ended, all of its children are ended as well.

zombie

Zombie

A process that has terminated but whose parent has not yet called wait() to collect its state and accounting information.

orphan

Orphan

The child of a parent process that terminates in a system that does not require a terminating parent to cause its children to be terminated.

3.6 Interprocess communication

interprocess communication / shared memory / message passing / browser / Renderer / plug-in / sandbox

interprocess communication (IPC)

Interprocess communication (IPC)

Communication between processes.

shared memory

Shared memory

In interprocess communication, a section of memory shared by multiple processes and used for message passing.

message passing

Message passing

In interprocess communication, a method of sharing data in which messages are sent and received by processes. Packets of information in predefined formats are moved between processes or between computers.

browser

Browser

A process that accepts input in the form of a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), or web address, and displays its contents on a screen.

renderer

Renderer

A process that contains logic for rendering contents (such as web pages) onto a display.

plug-in