COMPS: SHS 712 Speech Sound Disorders (Test 1, 2, and 3 + Approaches)

Foundational knowledge is not an important part of clinical practice and clinical decision making?

False

When a child produces a word, they can only use one phonological process at a time.

False

Articulatory phonetics includes the fundamental aspects of anatomy and phonetic transcription.

True

Speech is the term used to reference the verbal, oral or spoken means of communication or expression.

True

A phonological disorder refers to difficulty establishing the correct placement of the articulators and executing the motor movements needed to produce speech.

False

What is the recommended duration for administering a screening assessment?

10-15 minutes

Which of the following best describes an articulation disorder?

inability to produce speech sounds correctly due to motor difficulties

Communication

The process through which information is shared

The component of language that involves the study of the speech sound system of language is:

Phonology

The component of language that involves the study of the structure of words and the roles for combining word parts to create complete words is

Morphology

The motor aspect of planning and executing the sequences of motor movements that result in speech is referred to as

Articulation

The study of the rule-governed system that determines how speech sounds are systematically arranged and organized in a language is

Phonology

Sarah is 7 years, 10 months of age. Her speech is characterized by motor production errors as well as rule-based errors that limit the contrastive use of phonemes. It is likely that Sarah is demonstrating

Correct answer:

an articulation as well as a phonological disorder

the movable articulators include

the tongue and velum

the immovable articulators include

the teeth and hard palate

divisions of the tongue

tip, blade, dorsum, root

bilabial sounds

p, b, m, w

labiodental sounds

f, v

Identify the world below that contains a diphthong

fly

Which of the following words has a vowel that is considered to be a high-front vowel?

seat

The period of phonological development prior to first true words is called:

prelinguistic development (Development = vegetative sounds/reflexive crying, cooing/gooing/laughter, vocal play, babbling, jargon)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a child's first TRUE word?

invented words (Characteristics include: A production consistently produced in a particular context and an expected, predicted, or anticipated consequence, Stable phonetic form, Similar to adult production)

Which of the following is a syllable structure process?

final consonant deletion

Charlie is a typically developing 3 year, 8 month old, English-speaking child. He produces [wit] for "street." What phonological process(es) does he demonstrate?

gliding of liquid and cluster reduction

When developing a treatment plan, which of the following should be included as an essential component?

behavioral objectives that define how behavior is to be observed

What best describes "stimulability" in the context of speech sound disorders?

the ability to produce a sound correctly in the presence of a model

Khara is a typically developing 4 year, 2 month old, English-speaking child. She produces /sake/ for "shake" in her favorite song by Taylor Swift. What phonological process(es) does she demonstrate?

fronting

Jeffrey is a 5 year, 8 month year old typically-developing male. He produces /tahker/ for "soccer." What phonological process(es) does he demonstrate?

stopping

Which of the following phonological processes should be suppressed by 4 years of age?

weak syllable deletion

At what age should prevocalic voicing, postvocalic devoicing and denasalization by supressed?

3 years of age

Describe and contrast disorders of articulation and phonology.

Articulation has to do with the motor aspect of speech sound production. Someone who has an articulation disorder has an inability to produce certain sounds. Phonology has to do with the study of the sound system of a language. Someone who has a phonological disorder has difficulties related to the contrastive use of phonemes related to linguistic rule based function of speech sounds.

Describe the following manners of articulation: stop-plosives, fricatives, affricates.

written response

Define and explain "intelligibility" as it relates to speech sound development and disorders.

written response

What is the key difference between a speech sound disorder and a speech sound difference?

A speech sound disorder involves difficulty creating speech sounds, while a speech sound difference is influenced by a native language or dialect.

In evaluating a child with dialectical patterns, what role does the speech-language pathologist primarily play?

Assess and interpret the child's speech considering the impact of their dialect or native language.

What is a significant consideration when providing intervention to English language learners?

Assess the influence of the child's native language on English learning

Which statement about African American English (AAE) is accurate?

The degree of AAE use varies with factors like age, gender, and socioeconomic status.

When assessing clients who are English language learners, what should be a primary focus for the speech-language pathologist?

The sound system of the client's native language and its impact on English

What does code switching refer to in the context of dialects?

The ability to adapt one's dialect based on context

How can cultural competence benefit speech-language pathologists?

It helps in developing more effective assessment and intervention strategies for diverse clients.

What term refers to the incorporation of speech sounds from a native language into a second language?

Transfer

What is the primary purpose of speech sound assessment?

To illuminate the nature and severity of speech sound disorders

What type of analysis examines the consistency of errors made by a child during speech production?

Consistency Analysis

What type of assessment tool is typically used during the screening process?

word lists and sentence stimuli

Which observation is important for differentiating between articulation-based and phonemic-based disorders?

Assessment and analysis observations

What do the terms "substitution" and "omission" refer to in speech sound production errors?

Specific errors in speech production

In a screening process, what is typically the outcome for a child who "fails"?

A referral for a comprehensive evaluation is initiated

In the context of phonological error analysis, what does "collapse of contrasts" mean?

One phoneme is substituted for several others

What is the recommended duration for administering a screening assessment?

10 - 15 minutes

Which of the following best describes an articulation disorder?

Inability to produce speech sounds correctly due to motor difficulties

In a case of co-occurring articulation and phonological disorders, what is a likely characteristic of the child's speech production?

Both motor-based and knowledge-based errors can be seen

What is an essential consideration in the traditional approach to target selection?

Considering developmental norms and stimulability

Traditional Approach:

• Developmentally appropriate, earlier developing

phonemes, stimulable, inconsistent errors

Nontraditional Approach:

• Later developing, nonstimulable, consistent errors

When developing a treatment plan, which of the following should be included as an essential component?

Behavioral objectives that define how behavior is to be observed

What best describes 'stimulability' in the context of speech sound disorders?

The ability to produce a sound correctly in the presence of a model

Describe the following manners of articulation: stop-plosives, fricatives, affricates.

Stop-plosives: Consonants produced by completely blocking the airflow in the vocal tract, letting pressure build up, and then releasing it with a sudden burst of air (such as /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/).

Fricatives: Consonants produced by creating a narrow constriction in the vocal tract so that escaping air causes turbulent, hissing friction (such as /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/).

Affricates: Hybrid consonants that start with a complete stop-plosive blockage of airflow and immediately release into a fricative at the same place of articulation (such as /tʃ/ and /dʒ/). [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Write a short-term objective/goal for a client who is working on /s/. Remember to include all three major components of objective writing.

written response

Discuss how the distinction between speech sound disorders and speech sound differences is crucial for speech-language pathologists when assessing clients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. What specific variables should be considered to differentiate between the two, and how can misunderstandings impact the assessment process?

written response

Discuss the critical importance of a comprehensive assessment process in diagnosing speech sound disorders (SSD). In your response, include specific screening strategies that relate to comprehensive assessment, the essential components of such an evaluation, and how these elements contribute to a differential diagnosis of articulation and phonological disorders.

Importance (6)

written response

The feedback, "Can you try that again for me?" during articulation based intervention provides the child an opportunity to practice what skills?

Self-monitoring

A common sequence for an instructional framework for establishing new behaviors is:

Antecedent Event, Response,

Consequence Event

Intervention that focused on one phoneme at a time until a certain level or production accuracy is:

Vertical Attack Strategy

Generalization begins as soon as the child is able to achieve a level of success in producing a target sound or sounds.

True

Variable and intermittent ratios for response scheduling provides a very predictable pattern of reinforcement and is most appropriate in the beginning of intervention when a child is just learning that accurate production of a speech sound.

False

• Fixed ratio: reinforcement schedule is specified to occur

after a certain number of correct responses

• Variable ratio: specifies an average number of

CORRECT responses are needed to earn a reinforcer.

• Intermittent ratio: feedback provided in a randomly

selected way

Tommy has been working on producing [s] in the initial word position at the word level during therapy sessions. At the beginning of his therapy session when he was telling about his weekend, Tommy correctly produced [s] in the final word position at the conversational level. What type of generalization did he demonstrate?:

Across Response Topography and Word Positions

Paired stimuli is based on the theoretical viewpoint that?

Coarticulatory effects of the phonetic environment can facilitate correct productions.

For the paired stimuli approach, a target training string contains?

1 key word, 10 target words with the target sound in the initial word position

A keyword selected for the Paired Stimuli approach must contain a target sound for which the child demonstrates an error in production

False

A common progression for training of the target words and training strings is:

Initial Word Position

Initial Word Position

Final Word Position

Final Word Position

Charlie, a 4 year, 8 month old male, who speaks English, has achieve 80% accuracy at the word level during 3 consecutive therapy sessions. His clinician is using the paired stimuli approach. How will the clinician advance in therapy?

Using the key word and the target words in the same sentences.

The Paired Stimuli approach emphasizes maximum opportunities for accurate production of the target phoneme?

True

A common target selection strategy for the multiple phoneme approach involves the selection of?

Cognate Pairs

pairs of consonant sounds (phonemes) that are produced in the exact same place and manner in the mouth, with only one difference: voicing (whether the vocal cords vibrate or not)

Which observation is important for differentiating between articulation based and phonemic based disorders

assessment and analysis observations

What do the terms "substitution" and "omission" refer to in speech sound production errors

specific errors in speech production

In the Multiple Phoneme Approach, it is also common to group error phonemes with similar production features to focus on simultaneously in intervention. Which of the following groups of phonemes represent similar place of articulation?

/t, d, n, l/

The Multiple Phoneme Approach has elements of motor learning theory, sound system reorganization and behavioral principles.

True

Gradual reduction in the level of cueing is not a feature of the multiple phoneme approach?

False

Chase is demonstrating phonetic errors for the following phonemes [t, b, p, n, d, k, g, f, v, s, z, l, r, j]. From this set of phonetic errors, which of the following target words represents a set of cognate pairs that would be appropriate for the multiple phoneme approach?

Two and Do

Principles of practice includes the time between therapy sessions. Sessions scheduled with less time between each session is considered to be?

Massed Practice

What is an essential consideration in the traditional approach to target selection

considering developmental norms and stimulability

Regarding complexity of production of a target sound at the sentence level, a simple short sentence with one occurrence of the target sound is the least complex?

True

The sound stabilization phase of training focuses on production of the target sound in isolation?

False

Using VanRiper's progression for traditional articulation approach, intervention for [s, z] would follow which sequence?

Isolation

syllables

words

phrases

sentences

Claire is a 6 year, 9 month old female who speaks English as her primary language. Articulation based therapy is focusing on her accurate production of [s, z] phonemes. She produces both phonemes with an interdental place of articulation. During the first session, a brief perceptual training phase, the following type of activities would be appropriate?

-Identifying (indicate when sound is heard)

-locating (initial, medial, final)

-stimulation (promoting awareness through auditory bombardment)

-discrimination (judging clinician's productions)

Success approximation as a sound establishment strategy during therapy sessions with Claire, teaching her to produce [s, z] might involve?

Shaping of [s] from [t]

The PROMPT approach specifically emphasizes a child's progression through a motor speech hierarchy, and does not consider other factors such as communication needs, developmental expectations, stimulability, and impact of intelligibility.

False

The PROMPT approach requires specialized training and certification?

True

True

The PROMPT approach emphasizes what strategies?

Visual input, auditory stimulation, tactile cues, and physical manipulation

Which of the following is not a level of prompt?

Contextual

What are the levels of PROMPT?

Parameter, Syllable, Complex, Surface

Core vocabulary is an appropriate intervention approach for children who demonstrate?

Inconsistent speech sound errors and unintelligible speech.

Production consistency in the Core Vocabulary Approach reflects the child's?

Consistent use of the best production which may reflect accurate production or a developmental error.

-50-100 words

-10 words each session

The goal of the Core Vocabulary approach is?

Functional communication

The Core Vocabulary approach emphasizes accurate production of target words selected on the basis of phonemes produced in error.

False

In the Core Vocabulary Approach, consistency is assessed through a production task in which the child is asked to produce each target word 3 times?

True

Who is traditional approach used for?

children who are not yet stimulable

Levels of Traditional Approach:

1. perceptual training

2. sound establishment

3. sound stabilization

What is cycles approach used for?

phonological processes - errors affect classes of sounds

What patterns are selected for cycles approach?

ones that occur with 40% or greater frequency

How are patterns classified in cycles approach?

primary, secondary, advanced

What does minimals pairs/opposition approach emphasize?

change in meaning as result of the error