Animal Farm Vocab + Fallacies + Satire

Horation Satire

• lighthearted, gentle, playful

• to make fun of foolishness or weaknesses with a smile

Juvenalian Satire

• dark. serious, cynical, harsh

• to expose major social evils or injustice

• making the audience feel angry or driven to change

Menippean Satire

• varies, eccentric, mental attitudes/worldviews

• to target a specific mindset (dogma) rather than a single person or flaw

Hasty Generalization

• a broad claim made with too little or poor examples/evidence

Post Hoc Ergo

• B happened after A, so A must have caused B

Slippery Slope

• Predicts an extreme chain of events/consequences without adequately supporting the links

• If we permit phones in class, students will text during lessons, lose all focus, fail their grades, and cause the entire education system to collapse.

• if I fail this test my life is over

False Dichotomy (Either/Or)

• offers only two choices when other reasonable options exist

Ad Hominem

• dismisses an argument by attacking its speaker rather than addressing the reasoning

Genetic Fallacy

• accept or rejects an idea solely because of its origin

Ad Populum (Popularity)

• treats widespread agreement as proof that a claim in correct

• Everyone drives over the limit, so it's not wrong

Ipse Dixit

• expects a claim to be accepted just because its assessed, no support

Ad Verecundiam (Authority)

• treats an unqualified authority as decisive proof

Ad Passiones

• when feelings replace sufficient reasoning

Ad metum/Ad Terrorem

• Uses frightening outcomes as support for agreements

Red Herring

• Introduces an irrelevant issue that distracts from the original question

• changing the subject

Straw Man

• distorts someone else’s position to make it easier to attack

Whataboutism/Tu Quoque

• deflects with another wrong

• accuses the critic of hypocrisy

benevolent

marked by kindness or generosity : disposed to doing good

bon mot

a clever remark

canvassing

• to go through to solicit orders or political support or to determine opinions

• to seek orders and boxes

categorically

• without qualification or reservation

• absolutely

• directly, explicitly

censure

• a judgment involving condemnation (strong moral disapproval)

• the act of blaming or condemning sternly; an official reprimand

comrades

• an intimate friend or associate

complicity

association or participation in or as if in a wrongful act

conciliatory

intended to gain goodwill or favor or to reduce hostility

countenance

• look, expression

• mental composure

• calm expression

counteract

to make ineffective or restrain or neutralize the usually ill effects of by means of an opposite force, action, or influence

cynical

having or showing the attitude or temper of a cynic: such as

• contemptuously distrustful of human nature and motives

• belief that human conduct is motivated primarily by self-interest

deputation

• the act of appointing a deputy

• a group fo people appointed to represent others

disinter

• to take out of the grave or tomb

• to bring back into awareness or prominence

ecstasy

a state of overwhelming emotion

• rapturous delight

ensconced

• shelter, conceal

• establish, settle

flanked

• the fleshy part of the side between the ribs and the hip

• side

flourished

• to grow luxuriantly

• to achieve success

fortnight

two weeks

ignominious

• humiliating, degrading

• deserving of shame or infamy

impromptu

• made, done, or formed on or as if on the spur of the moment

• without previous preparation

incumbent

• the holder of an office or ecclesiastical benefice

• one that occupies a particular position or place

• obligatory

indefatigable

• incapable of being fatigued

indignation

• anger aroused by something unjust, unworthy, or mean

innovations

• a new idea, method or device

• the introduciton of something new

intermediary

• mediator

• medium

lamentation

an expression of sorrow, mourning, or regret : an act or instance of lamenting

machinations

a scheming or crafty action or artful design intended to accomplish some usually evil end

maxim

• a general truth

• a proverbial saying

morose

having a sullen and gloomy disposition

obstinate

stubbornly holding to an opinion, purpose, or course in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion

oration

an elaborate discourse delivered in a formal and dignified manner

parasitical

exploiting the hospitality of others : depending on another or others for existence or support without making a useful or adequate return

pervading

to become diffused throughout every part of

posthumously

after the death of the person in question

preliminary

coming before and usually forming a necessary prelude to something else

pretext

a purpose or motive alleged or an appearance assumed in order to cloak the real intention or state of affairs

procured

• to get possession of

• to obtain by particular care and effort

proprietors

• one granted ownership of a colony and full prerogatives of establishing a government and distributing land

• a person who has the legal right or exclusive title to something

repose

a state of resting after exertion or strain

retribution

• something given or exacted in recompense

• punishment

• he dispensing or receiving of reward or punishment especially in the hereafter

scored

• a line made with or as if with a sharp instrument

• a number that expresses accomplishment or excellence either absolutely in points gained or by comparison to a standard

skulking

• to move in a stealthy or furtive manner

• to hide or conceal something often out of cowardice or fear or with sinister intent

sordid

• marked by baseness or grossness

• vile

stratagem

• a cleverly contrived trick or scheme for gaining an end : a cunning strategy

• a trick or ruse in war for deceiving and outwitting the enemy

taciturn

temperamentally disinclined to talk

treachery

violation of allegiance or of Fatih and confidence

• treason

tyranny

• oppressive power

• a government that exerts oppressive power over its populace

• a government in which absolute power is vested in a single ruler

vices

• moral depravity or corruption

vivacious

lively in temper, conduct, or spirit

watchword

• a word or phrase used as a sign of recognition among members of the same society, class, or group

• slogan

• a word or motto that embodies a principle or guide to action of an individual or group

• a guiding principle